Gas Laws Review Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering gas laws, pressure units, temperature conversions, and kinetic molecular theory based on the lecture notes.

Pressure

Caused by gas particles bouncing off the inside of a container, determined by the frequency of hits and the amount of force they strike with.

Atmospheric Pressure at Sea Level ($273\,K$)

$$1\,atm = 760\,mm\,Hg = 760\,Torr = 101.3\,kPa = 14.7\,psi$$

Absolute Zero

The temperature at $0^{\circ}\,Kelvin$, where matter completely stops moving.

Kelvin (K) Conversion

The formula used to convert Celsius to Kelvin: $K = C + 273$.

Boyle's Law

States that as volume decreases, pressure increases (an inverse relationship), provided temperature and number of particles are constant; $P_1 \times V_1 = P_2 \times V_2$.

Avogadro's Hypothesis (Law)

States that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules; $\frac{P_1}{n_1} = \frac{P_2}{n_2}$.

Gay-Lussac's Law

States that the pressure exerted on the sides of a container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature for a given mass and constant volume; $\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2}$.

Charles' Law

States that the absolute temperature is directly proportional to the volume of an ideal gas for a given mass and constant pressure; $\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$.

Combined Gas Law

The formula representing the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature: $\frac{P_1 V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2 V_2}{T_2}$.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases at the molecular level based on assumptions about a theoretical ideal gas.

Manometer

An instrument used to measure gas pressure.

Barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Ideal Gas Volume Change (Temperature)

As temperature decreases, particles slow down and hit walls with less force; to maintain constant pressure, the volume must decrease.

Ideal Gas Pressure Change (Puff addition)

Adding more 'puffs' increases the number of collisions against container walls, resulting in higher pressure.