Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Anatomy

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the pectoral girdle and the anatomy of the upper limb, aiding in understanding and retention for the upcoming exam.

Pectoral girdle

Consists of clavicles and scapulae, attaches upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Clavicle (collarbone)

S-shaped bone that has a sternal end that articulates with the sternum and an acromial end that articulates with the scapula.

Articulate

To connect or join together, particularly referring to bones fitting together at joints.

Sternoclavicular joint

The joint where the clavicle meets the sternum.

Acromioclavicular joint

The joint where the clavicle meets the acromion of the scapula.

Glenohumeral joint

The joint formed by the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for arm movement.

Scapula

Also known as the shoulder blade, which is not directly attached to the axial skeleton, allowing for a greater degree of mobility.

Rotator cuff

A group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.

Humerus

The bone of the upper arm that articulates with the scapula proximally and the radius and ulna distally.

Trochlea

The spool-shaped structure on the humerus that articulates with the ulna.

Capitulum

The rounded part of the humerus that articulates with the radius.

Intertubercular sulcus

A groove in the humerus that separates the greater and lesser tubercles.

Phalanges

The bones in the fingers, 14 in total across the hand.

Metacarpals

The five long bones in the palm of the hand.

Carpals

The eight bones that make up the wrist.

Greater tubercle

A prominent projection on the humerus that serves as an attachment for muscles.

Lesser tubercle

A smaller projection on the humerus, also for muscle attachment.

Anatomical neck

The slight constriction inferior to the head of the humerus.

Surgical neck

The portion of the humerus that is most commonly fractured.