Hill_Smith_Vanhoonakcer: The European Union in World Politics

Historical overview vocabulary flashcards covering the development of the EU's international role from post-WWII to the early 21st century.

Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman

Proposed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1950 to overcome Franco-German rivalry.

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

The first integrated European structure, created after the 1951 Treaty of Paris to pool sovereignty in key economic sectors.

Marshall Plan (1948)

A US-led economic assistance program for European recovery that contributed to the division of Europe between democratic regimes and the Soviet Bloc.

European Defence Community (EDC)

A failed plan (1952-1953) for a common European army that was rejected by the French National Assembly in 1954.

Western European Union (WEU)

A 1954 transformation of the Treaty of Brussels that allowed for defence cooperation; it was eventually wound up in 2011.

Treaty of Rome (1957)

Founded the European Economic Community (EEC) and established the Customs Union and the Common External Tariff.

Fouchet Plans (1961-62)

French proposals under Charles de Gaulle for an intergovernmental union of states focused on common foreign and defence policies, which were ultimately rejected.

Common Commercial Policy (CCP)

An EEC policy granting the Community exclusive competence in international trade, allowing for a strong diplomatic presence.

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

A system of import controls and subsidies designed for food security and farmer income, which often caused trade tension with the USA.

Yaoundé Agreement (1963)

An agreement with eighteen newly independent states, mostly in Africa, providing funds and access to the Common Market.

Luxembourg Report (1970)

The founding document of European Political Cooperation (EPC) that established a structure for foreign ministers to meet twice yearly.

European Political Cooperation (EPC)

An intergovernmental framework created in 1970 to coordinate national diplomacy and foster a 'coordination reflex' among member states.

Venice Declaration (1980)

A landmark EPC statement recognizing the Palestinian right to self-determination and Israel's right to a secure existence.

London Report (1981)

An EPC update providing for emergency meetings within $48$ hours and allowing for the discussion of 'political aspects' of security.

Single European Act (1986)

A treaty that codified European Political Cooperation and implemented the Single Market Programme.

Maastricht Treaty (1993)

Established the European Union and created the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) to succeed the EPC.

Petersberg Tasks

A set of military tasks defined in 1992, including humanitarian, rescue, peacekeeping, and peacemaking missions.

Saint Malo Agreement (1998)

A joint declaration by the UK and France agreeing that the EU should have the capacity for autonomous action backed by credible military forces.

Helsinki Headline Goal (1999)

A target for the EU to be able to deploy within $60$ days, and sustain for one year, military forces of up to $50,000$ to $60,000$ persons.

Civilian Power

A term coined by François Duchêne to describe the EC's international impact through diplomatic and economic means rather than military force.

Normative Power Europe

Ian Manners' concept that the EU exerts influence by setting global normative standards and defining what is 'normal' in world politics.

Lomé Convention (1975)

A framework for development policy established with 46 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) states following the UK's accession.

Cotonou Agreement (2000)

The successor to the Lomé Convention, framing EU development policies with a focus on regional partnerships and conditionality.