Medieval Final

i love when tympanums all look the exact same !! <3

title, location

Monastery Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim (Saxony), Germany

date, culture

1001- 1033, Ottonian

Built and planned by Archbishop ___, who was a chaplain and tutor of King ___

Bernward, Otto III

The Bishop worked for ___ years at this location, and was cannonized in ___

30, 1193

received heavy damage throughout the centuries and was finally destroyed during WWII, building restored in ___

1950

title, location

Plan of Monastery Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim (Saxony), Germany

date, culture

1001-1033, ottonian

Heavy influence from ___ style, and features lots of ___, such as with the transept arms, apses, and crossing towers

Carolingian, doubling

the entrance is on the ___, displaying classical influence

flank

title, location

Interior of the Monastery Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim (Saxony), Germany

date, culture

1001-1033, ottonian

displays ___ architecture, which is based on the ___ unit.

modular, crossing square

the nave columns are have a rhythmic design on the ___ and ___ .

crown and pier

___ architecture is rigid and clear, and becomes the basis for ___ architecture later.

ottonian, romanesque.

title, location

Bronze Doors, Monastery Church of St Michael, Hildesheim (Saxony), Germany

date (conscecration), culture

1015, ottonian

commissioned by ___, who took heavy inspiration from his trip to ___

Archbishop Bernward, Rome

there are ___ total scenes: the left is ___ scenes read top down, while the right is ___ scenes, read from bottom up.

16, Old Testament, New Testament

The first large scale hollow cast bronze sculptures in ___, using the ___ (lost wax) method which was lost from antiquity until now.

Northern Europe, cire perdue

each side is a ___, and they were originally located at the entrance to the church from the ___.

single piece, cloister

an engraving lists the ___ and commissioner, who also ___ the program.

date, designed

title, location

Bronze Column, Monastery Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim (Saxony), Germany

date, culture

1015-1022, ottonian

commissioned by ___ likely after the completion of the ___

Bernward, doors

scenes twist from the bottom up and depict ___, and do not repeat with the ___.

christ’s life, doors

heavy influence from the ___, as well as ___ art.

Column of Trajan, carolingian

both this object and the ___ depict their scenes heavily simplified with a focus on ___

doors, emotion

___ died with no heirs in 1002, and the empire passed by election to his cousin ___, the Duke of Bavaria.

Otto III, Henry II

‘Romanesque’ means ___, and describes European architecture from ~ ___

roman-like, 1050-1200

Romanesque architecture includes the emergence of ___ vaults, ___ arches, and heavy ___.

Barrel + Groin, rounded, piers

Building efforts spiked in ___ for both religious and secular structures, and ___ began to replace wood as a building material.

1000, stone

the main driving force for settlement creation and building efforts during the Romanesque period was ___

pilgrimage routes

the three main factors of the Romanesque period:

pilgrimage, crusades, feudalism

pilgrimages are a journey to a shrine or holy place to confirm one’s ___, with the earliest ones beginning in the ___ century

faith, 4th

pilgrimage sites used to be based solely around Christ, then ___and ___, and then ___.

apostles, martyrs, the virgin

the holiest pilgrimage site for Christians was ___, followed by ___ and ___, among others.

Jerusalem, Rome, Santiago de Compostella

the christian symbol for pilgrims is a ___ and comes from ___

scallop shell, St James

pilgrimage routes were often called ‘___’, or 'the way’/’the walk’

il camino

in 1045 the ___ divided Christianity into Western ___ and Eastern ___

Great Schism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy

the split in the church was partially caused by the Patriarch of Constantinople ___ and Pope ___ each ex-communicating the other.

Michael, Leo IX

there were ~ ___ crusades in total between the 11th and 13th centuries, and they began as the Pope attempting to recapture Jerusalem from ___ rule.

9, muslim

___ owned ___ and loaned/rented them out to ___ to work on, in return for security

lords, fiefs, vassals/serfs

the ___ ceremony is where a serf pledges an oath of fealty called an ___ in return for land.

commendation, homage

when a serf pledged their loyalty to their lord, they would ___ and clasp their hands together, which is where the Christian ___ position comes form

kneel, prayer

A; outside columnar supports

jambs

B; base of A

jamb pedestal

C; horizontal piece above door, typically carved

lintel

D; curved semicircular arches above lintel

Archivolts

E; curved relief area defined by D

tympanum

F; square frame of door

spandels

G; central post that supports structure

trumeau

H; wedge shaped blocks which form D

voussoirs

I; carved figures on A

jamb figures

title, location

Bayeux Tapestry, Bayeux, France

date, material

1070, wool embroidered linen (not a tapestry)

about ___’ long and ___” high

229, 20

___ bands sewn together, ___ colors

8,8

tells the story of the ___ conquest of England and the battle of ___

Norman, Hastings

English King ___ the Confessor told Harold that ___ of France was to be king, then changed his mind on his deathbed after Harold had already sworn fealty to the new king, causing Harold to break his oath when he claimed the English throne for himself.

Edward, William

this battle took place on ___, ~65 miles outside of London, and to this day is the only time the ___ are defeated on English soil.

October 14, 1066, English

The Harold dies from an ___, and the new King is crowned on Christmas day at ___, and rules England until 1087.

arrow to the eye, Westminster Abbey

title, location

Abbey Church of St. Etienne, Caen, France

date, period

1064-1087, Romanesque

named for Saint ___, the first martyr, ___ is interred here.

Stephen / Etienne, William the Conqueror

Highly influential for ___ architecture, it is considered a masterpiece of ___ architecture.

Gothic, Norman

title, location

Nave Interior of Abbey Church of St. Etienne, Caen, France

date, period

1064-1087, Romanesque

___ is reinforced by buttresses, piers/compound piers, and 6 partite ___ ceiling.

verticality, groin vault

the towers display ___, meaning each layer has more windows as they get taller.

escalation of piercing

the burial of ___ went poorly, as legend says he was too big for the tomb and was forced in.

William the Conqueror

title, location

plan of Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

date, period

1078-1117, Romanesque

the full translation of this church’s name is ___, named for the spot where the martyr’s bones were buried after a farmer saw a star.

Saint James of the Field of Stars

___ in north-west Europe all culminate here

pilgrimage routes

the side aisle around the transept for ___ to walk without disturbing services, and the chaplets hold ___ at which they could pray.

pilgrims, relics

title, location

Saint Sernin, Toulouse, France

date, period

1070-1120, Romanesque

built to honor ___, a martyr from the 3rd century and also the city’s first ___.

Saint Saturnin, Bishop

title, location

Plan of Saint Sernin, Toulouse, France

date, period

1070-1120, Romanesque

almost identical to the plan for ___, but with double ___.

Santiago de Compostela, side aisles

two ___ were planned for the facade, but were never completed

towers

the modular architecture is based off the ___ unit, and internally this church has a combination of ___ vaulting in the nave and ___ vaulting in the gallery and aisles.

crossing square, barrel, groin

title, artist

Christ in Glory, Bernard Gelduin

date, material

1096, marble

location, period

Saint Sernin, Toulouse, France, Romanesque

one of ___ other slabs (which depict angels and apostles), this piece depicts Christ in a ___ with the evangelist symbols in the corners

7, mandorla

visually similar to ___ manuscripts and ___ work, almost nothing is known about the artist.

Ottonian, Bronze

the blessing position Christ does is the 'Pax Vobis’ which translates to ___

peace be with you

___ founded the Benedictine abbey of Cluny in 910, forming the ___ order.

William I the Pious, Cluniac

Though now destroyed, Abbott ___ built Cluny III, which was where ___ were first developed and used.

Hugh, pointed arches

title, artist/designer

Last Judgement (west tympanum), Giselbertus

date, location

1120-1135, Saint Lazare, Autun, France

on Christ’s right are the saved and ___, while on his left are the damned and a ___ scene where an angel and demon fight over souls

the Virgin, psychomachia

the inscription, which names ___, is meant to ___ worshippers into following Christ

the artist, scare

title, artist/designer

the Suicide of Judas (nave capital), Giselbertus

date, location

1125, Saint Lazare, Autun, France

part of a ___, which included scenes from the Old and New testaments, as well as ___ scenes.

historiated column, non-biblical

title, location

Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles (narthex tympanum), San Marie la Madeleine, Vézelay, France

date, period

1130, Romanesque