Comprehensive Infectious Diseases & Public Health Strategies

What remains a leading cause of death globally?

Infectious diseases, particularly in low-income countries and among young children.

What is the difference between infectious and communicable diseases?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses or bacteria, while communicable diseases are a subset that can be passed from person to person.

What are contagious diseases?

Infectious diseases that spread very easily between people.

What are zoonotic diseases?

Infectious agents transmitted between animals and humans.

What is the One Health approach?

A collaborative approach recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.

How can animals serve in public health?

Animals can act as early warning signs for human illness.

What is the estimated global impact of zoonoses?

Zoonoses cause approximately 2.5 billion cases of sickness and 2.7 million deaths annually.

What does the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) emphasize?

Health status and behavior are outcomes determined by multiple levels of influence.

What are macro factors in the SEM?

Public policy, community relationships, and institutional rules.

What are micro factors in the SEM?

Interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics.

What role does vaccination play in public health?

Vaccination is a critical tool for controlling communicable diseases.

What are the types of vaccines?

Live-attenuated, inactivated (dead), and toxoid vaccines.

What is herd immunity?

Protecting a community by having a high percentage of the population immunized.

What are the recommended vaccines for children under 18 in 2022?

HepB, Rotavirus, DTaP, Hib, PCV13, IPV, Influenza, MMR, and Varicella.

What is the difference between isolation and quarantine?

Isolation separates sick individuals, while quarantine restricts movement of exposed individuals who are not yet sick.