BIOL 1625- Lab Practical 2

Rhodophyta (Red Algae)

- Polysiphonia

Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
- Chlamydmonos

Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

- Volvox

Charophyta (Green Algae)

- Spirogyra

Charophyta (Green Algae)

- Desmids

Charophyta (Green Algae)

- Chara

Byrophyta

Moss

Moss Plants

-Non-vascular

-Gametophyte dominant

-needs water for reproduction

Hepatophyta

Liverwort

Liverwort Plants

-Nonvascular

-Flat body (Thallus)

-Gametophte Dominant

Lycophyta

Club Moss

Club Mosses Plant

-Vascular

-Microphyll Leaves

-Sporophyte dominant

Monilophyta

Ferns, Horsetails, and Whisk Fern (Ferns Pictured)

Ferns, Horsetail, and Whisk fern (Whisk Fern Pictured)

-Sporangia is located on Sori (Ferns)

-Vascular

-Sporophyte dominant

-Fronds (Leaves)
(Horsetail Pictured)

Fern Sorus

Cluster of Sporangia (Plural: Sori)

-underside of ferns fronds

-contain spores

Fern Prothallium

-independant gametophyte stage in ____ cycle

Microsporangiate (Microspores are produced)

-Male

-Produces Pollen

Megasporangiate (Megaspores are produced)

-Female

-Ovulate cone

-seeds

Anther

Pollen is producd

Stigma

Receives pollen

Ovary

Contains Ovules

Style

Connects stigma to the ovary

Double Fertilization

1 Sperm→ Zygote

1 Sperm→endosperm (food)

Rhizopus (Zygomycota)

Bread Mold;

Coniferophyta

-Needle Leaves

-non motile sperm

Ginkophyta

-Fan Shaped leaves

-flagellated sperm

Cyadophyta

-Beetle Pollination

-flagelleted sperm

Gnetophyta

-scale like

-non motile sperm

Aspergillus (Asomycota)

produces spores in sacs

Coprinus (Basidiomycota)

Mushrooms

Lichens

Foliose, Fruticose, and Crustose

Porifera (Filter feed through water flow)

Sponges

Assymetrical; No true tissues; Acoleomate

What supports the body of a sponge?

Spicules (needle like structures, for protection) & Spongin Fibers

Osculum

The sponges large opening on top; allows water to exit

Spongocoel

Centeral cavity inside a sponge; water flows through it

Choanocyte

Pulls water into the sponge, also trap and eat food

Cnidaria

Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones

Radial;Diplo;Acoelomate

Polyp

Tube Shaped, Mouth faces up

Medusa

Bell Shaped, Mouth faces down

Cnidocyte

Stinging Cell

Nematocysts

Injects Toxins (Inside cnidoocyte

Tentacles

Surrounds mouth, used to catch food, have cnidocytes

Hydrozoans

thin body, tentacles

Scyphozoans

Jellyfish

Anthozoans

Sea Anemones

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms (Planer)

Bilateral; Triplo; Protosome; Aceolomate(No body cavity)

-Regenerate

-Eyespots: Detect light, not real eyes

Rotifera

Have rotating cilia (Corona) to pull food into mouth, and helps with movement

Mollusca

All share a Muscular foot visceral mass, and had or have shells

Bilateral; triplo; protosome; Coelomate

Gastropod

Snails

Bivalves

Clams

Cephalopods

Squids/ Octopus

Annelida

Leeches, Earthworms

Bilateral; Triplo;Protosome; Coelomate

Nematoda

Roundworms

They molt so they are placed in Ecdysozoa

Bilateral;Triplo;Protosome;Pseudocoelomate (partial body cavity)

Male=Curved tail and smaller

Arthropods

Crustaceans(Cephalothorax), Insects(Head+ Thorax), Chelicerates (Cephalothorax), Myriapods

jointed limbs= appendages

hard outer shell (chitin)= exoskeleton

bilateral; triplo;protosome;coelomate

Crustaceans

Myriapods

Chelicerates

Echinodermata

Starfish, Sea cucumbers

radial-bilateral; triplo; deuterstome; coelomate

Why are echonodermatas considered Deuterostomes?

Embryonic development is similar to humans

Anus First

Madreporite

water entry point

Chordata (only phyla that is vertebrates)

1) Notochord

2) Dorsal Nerve Cord

3) Pharyngeal Slits

4) Post-anal Tail'

Only

Major differences between phyla?

Level of Organization, Symmetry, Body cavity

Major similarities between phyla?

( some) early embryonic stages, multicellular, heterotrophic

As structures advance, functions…

more specialized