Smart Memo In English - Practice Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering basic English alphabet rules, phonetics, parts of speech, and verb tenses based on the lecture notes by Mr. Hussein Elsayed.

Capital letters

Large letter shapes like $A$, $B$, and $C$ used at the beginning of sentences and for proper nouns.

Small letters

Lowercase letter shapes like $a$, $b$, and $c$ used for the majority of English writing.

Vowel sounds

The specific sounds made by the letters $a$, $e$, $i$, $o$, and $u$.

Consonant sounds

The sounds made by the $21$ letters of the English alphabet that are not vowels, such as $b$, $c$, and $d$.

Short Vowels

Vowel sounds typically found in single-syllable words like $cat$, $bed$, $bin$, $box$, and $bus$.

Long Vowels

Vowel sounds that are pronounced like the name of the letter itself, such as in the words $cake$, $bee$, $bike$, $rope$, and $blue$.

Subject Pronouns

The words used as the subject of a sentence: $I$, $he$, $she$, $it$, $you$, $we$, and $they$.

Verb to Be (Present)

The forms of the verb 'to be' used for current states: $am$, $is$, and $are$.

Verb to Be (Past)

The forms of the verb 'to be' used for previous states: $was$ and $were$.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Words used to point to specific objects: $this$ (near singular), $that$ (far singular), $these$ (near plural), and $those$ (far plural).

Object Pronouns

Pronouns that receive the action in a sentence, including $me$, $him$, $her$, $it$, $you$, $us$, and $them$.

Possessive Adjectives

Words followed by a noun to show ownership: $my$, $his$, $her$, $its$, $your$, $our$, and $their$.

Possessive Pronouns

Words that stand alone at the end of a sentence to show ownership: $mine$, $his$, $hers$, $its$, $yours$, $ours$, and $theirs$.

Reflexive Pronouns

Pronouns used when the subject and object of the sentence are the same: $myself$, $himself$, $herself$, $itself$, $yourself$, $ourselves$, and $themselves$.

Indefinite Articles

The words $a$ (used before consonant sounds) and $an$ (used before vowel sounds) to refer to non-specific singular items.

Countable Nouns

Nouns that can be counted as individual units and have plural forms, such as $pen$, $tree$, and $apple$.

Uncountable Nouns

Nouns that cannot be counted individually and are treated as singular, such as $meat$, $flour$, $rice$, and $pasta$.

Present Simple Tense

A tense used to describe habits, regular actions, or permanent facts.

Present Continuous Tense

A tense used for actions happening exactly at the time of speaking, formed using $am/is/are + verb + ing$.

Past Simple Tense

A tense used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.

Future Simple Tense

A tense used to describe actions that will happen in the future, often using the word $will$.

Comparison of Adjectives

The way adjectives change to compare two things, typically by adding $-er$ and the word $than$ (e.g., $taller \text{ than}$).

Superlative Adjectives

The way adjectives change to compare one thing against a whole group, typically by using $the$ and adding $-est$ (e.g., $the \text{ tallest}$).