IM GONNA FAIL 3/24/26 ANATOMY
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25 Terms
Pituitary
Brain (master gland)
Thyroid
Neck (metabolism)
Parathyroid
Behind thyroid (calcium)
Adrenal
On kidneys (stress hormones)
Pancreas
Abdomen (blood sugar)
Thymus
Chest (immune development)
Pineal
Brain (sleep cycles)
Insulin
Lowers blood glucose
Glucagon
Raises blood glucose
ADH
Water retention (kidneys)
Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)
Metabolism
Epinephrine
Fight-or-flight
Melatonin
Sleep cycle
Prolactin
Milk production
Calcitonin
Lowers calcium
PTH
Raises calcium
Steroid Hormones
Lipid-soluble, enter cell, bind nucleus/cytoplasm, direct gene activation
Protein Hormones
Water-soluble, bind membrane receptors, use second messenger system
Negative feedback
Most hormones use negative feedback; output of hormone shuts off further production
Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin problem, high blood glucose, symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Diabetes Insipidus
ADH problem, excessive urination, dehydration
Cushing's Syndrome
Too much cortisol, 'moon face', high blood sugar
Addison's Disease
Too little adrenal hormones, fatigue, low blood sugar
Hormones
Travel in the bloodstream; target cells must have receptors
Endocrine system
Slow, long-lasting response; nervous system = fast, short-term