Development of Human Locomotion

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the development of human locomotion, including various forms of locomotion and the factors that influence them.

Locomotion

Moving from place to place, which can involve one, two, or four limbs, including movements such as crawling, walking, running, hopping, skipping, and galloping.

Crawling

An early form of locomotion where an individual moves on hands and abdomen.

Creeping

A form of locomotion where an individual moves on hands and knees.

Rate Limiters

Factors such as balance, strength, and coordination that may impede the ability to walk or run.

Bipedal Locomotion

Walking as the first form of upright two-legged movement.

Double Support

A period during walking when both feet are on the ground.

Stride Length

The distance covered in one complete step during walking or running.

Opposition

A movement pattern where the arms move in coordination with the legs, aiding in balance and momentum.

Hopping

An act where an individual propels themselves off the ground with one foot, landing on the same foot.

Proficient Jumping

Jumping characterized by a preparatory crouch, simultaneous takeoff of both feet, and effective use of arm swing.

Galloping

A locomotor skill involving a forward step on one foot followed by a leap on the other, with the same foot always leading.

Sliding

A locomotor skill involving a sideways step on one foot followed by a leap on the other, with the same foot always leading.

Skipping

A symmetric locomotor skill involving alternating step-hops on one foot and then on the other.

Early Walking Patterns

Characteristics of early walkers include high guard arms, out-toed feet, and an emphasis on stability and balance.

Proficient Running

Running characterized by increased stride length, a narrow base of support, and improved trunk rotation.

Rate Controllers

Factors that can limit the performance of locomotor skills, including strength and balance.

Proficient Hopping

Hopping in which the swing leg leads and moves through a full range of motion, and the arm movement is oppositional.