MSCI 122 - Exam 3
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35 Terms
In an estuary, surface salinity is 12 pppt and bottom salinity is 18 ppt. How would you classify the estuary?
partly mixed
3 multiple choice options
A halocline is a what?
steep salinity gradient
3 multiple choice options
The ocean water outside of an estuary is 32 ppt, and the water that leaves the estuary is 28 ppt. What is the ratio of fresh water to total water in the estuary?
1:8
3 multiple choice options
The ocean water outside of an estuary has a salinity of 35 ppt. The water within the estuary is 30 ppt. The estuary is composed of how much more ocean water than river water?
7 times more
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following would show the greatest vertical stratification?
salt wedge estuary
3 multiple choice options
The density of seawater depends upon what?
temperature and salinity
3 multiple choice options
If the wind blows from north to south along the east coast of North America (northern hemisphere), the Ekman transport will be:
onshore
3 multiple choice options
Coastal morphology is controlled by which of the following?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
When developing a sand budget for an area of coastline, which of the following is not a sediment sink?
upland erosion
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is not a type of geomorphic estuary?
biogenic
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is not a type of estuarine circulation?
thermohaline
3 multiple choice options
Construction of seawalls can:
protect the coastal upland while potentially enhancing beach erosion
3 multiple choice options
How long does it take for a water parcel to complete a circuit around the global conveyor belt?
1000 years
3 multiple choice options
What combination of estuary volume and circulation would lead to the longest flushing time?
slow circulation; large volume
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following would show the strongest vertical stratification?
salt wedge estuary
3 multiple choice options
A process that influences the erosion of sediments within an estuary is:
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
How long does it take for a water parcel to complete a circuit around the global conveyor belt?
1000 years
3 multiple choice options
Normally, how thick is the photic zone in the open ocean?
100-200m
3 multiple choice options
What is the carbonate compensation depth in the oceans?
the depth at which carbonate dissolves faster than it can be deposited
3 multiple choice options
The depth at which calcium carbonate starts to dissolve in the oceans is called what?
lysocline
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following deep-sea sediment sources is transported by winds to the open ocean?
red clays
3 multiple choice options
The greenhouse effect is caused by?
carbon dioxide and water vapor that trap heat radiating from Earth's surface
3 multiple choice options
the main component(s) of the climate system are
the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere
3 multiple choice options
orbital parameter known as Milankovitch cycles that affect insolation and hence global climate include all of the following except:
rotation
3 multiple choice options
Ocean currents are driven by:
winds and gravity
3 multiple choice options
T/F: During the winter months, the beach erodes, and during the summer months, the beach builds.
True
T/F: If longshore transport moves from right to left, a groin constructed on the beach will store sediment on the left side.
False
T/F: A well-mixed estuary has a very small vertical salinity gradient and no vertical stratification
True
T/F: Wave size and wave angle control longshore transport
True
T/F: Wave refraction occurs because waves slow down in shallower water
True
T/F: Key defining characteristics of most estuaries are the presence of a river and the absence of ocean water
False
T/F: Precipitation and Evaporation play a role in estuarine circulation
True
T/F: High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll areas of the ocean have primary production limited by micronutrients
True
T/F: Deep water formation can be caused by decreasing the temperature of a water mass
True
T/F: Mid-Gyre locations are high in biological productivity relative to coastal areas
False