AP Chem Unit 5
Multiple Choice & FRQ
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30 Terms
collision theory
for a reaction to occur, particles must collide with the correct orientation and enough energy to react
increasing this leads to higher frequency of collisions/reaction rate (4)
surface area, concentration of reactant, pressure, temperature
catalysts provide __ route for reaction without as much __
alternate, energy
rate laws can only be deduced from ___ data
experimental
when reactant is doubled, rate stays the same
zeroeth order
when reactant is doubled, rate doubles
first order
when reactant is doubled, rate quadruples
second order
when reactant is doubled, rate octuples
third order
overall order=
order 1+ order 2
half life
t 1/2, time it takes for the concentration to decrease by half
1st order half lives are __ the initial half life
equal to
the _ the half life, the faster the reaction
shorter
A vs t graph is linear when
0 order
ln A vs t graph is linear when
1st order
1/A vs t graph is linear when
2nd order
A vs t units for k
M x s^-1
ln A vs t units for k
s^-1
1/A vs t units for k
M^-1 x s^-1
rate units
M x s^-1
catalyst in reaction mechanisms
start in reactants, end in products
intermediates in reaction mechanisms
formed then consumed
if 1st step is NOT slow
add all reactants up to slowest step and cancel intermediates
collision model says particles must __ with enough __ and in the correct__
collide, activation energy, orientation
enthalpy
Δ H, potential energy difference between products and reactants
if __ step is slow OR all reactions are _, rate law of overall reaction is determined by RL step
1st, irreversible
rate law of each elementary reaction can be inferred from __ of molecules in collision
stoichiometry
intermediates are shown as __
valleys
homogeneous catalyst
in same phase as reactants and can mix with them uniformly
heterogeneous catalyst
different phase from reactants
enzymatic catalyst
speeds up rxn by binding reactants, creating more favorable orientation and lowering activation energy