principles of growth and development, biological basis of behavior & sensation and perception

autonomic division

part of the peripheral vision that consist of the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Pituitary Gland

a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing.

embryonic

3-8 weeks of pregnancy (pinaka-critical)

eyes

In the sensori-motor stage, the child Can later follow something with their ____

photoreceptors

for light and photo. makikita sa cell sa mata. helps us see the light in the darkness.

2-7 Years Old

age range of Pre-Operational Stage

future

in the pre-operational stage, they Can imagine the _____ & reflect on the past

nucleus

contains the genetic material (chromosomes) of the neuron cell

Peripheral Nervous System

is further subdivided into the somatic division and autonomic division.

Top-Down Processing

expectations and experiences influence how we interpret incoming sensory information

nociceptors.

responsible for pain and foreign bodies pumapasok sa katawan. whole body.

in front in the forehead

where is frontal lobe the located?

puberty

Sexual Feelings Are Inactive. Kids play with same sex others-- until ________

glutamate

memory. most common neurotransmitter. involved involved in learning and memory. regulates development and creation of nerve contacts

Absolute or Detection Threshold

The minimum intensity of energy required to produce sensation in a receptor cell

5 basic components of a neuron

Dendrites, Cell body, Myelin Sheath, Axon and Axon Terminals

motor activity

In the sensori-motor stage, the child will Explore the world through senses & _________

childhood

3-12 yrs old

The Cerebellum

Scrotum-like structure found in the brain • Muscle coordination is developed here as well as the memory of physical skills.

sympathetic

fight or flight. prepares body for stressful and emergency situations which can increase our active state/alertness.

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY THEORY OF PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION

THE GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS PRESENTED THE IDEA OF FIGURE AND GROUND TO HELP FORMULATE THE THEORY ABOUT HUMAN PERCEPTUAL SYSTEM.

Anal Expulsive or Anal Retentive

later in life fixation of the anal stage if not resolved

The nervous system

is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

myelin sheath

insulates the axon to help protect the neuron cell and speed up transmission of electrical impulses

axon terminal

transmits electrical and chemical signals to other neuron cells and effector cells

birth to 1 yr

age range of the oral stage

stereotyping

labeling/generalizing

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

two hormones the thyroid gland makes that are secreted in the blood

anal expulsive

tendency when growing up violent, unorgaanized, makalat, matubig, makalat pag tumae

themselves

In the sensori-motor stage, Early on, baby can’t tell difference between _________ & the environment

Frontal lobe

Complex Functioning personality, judgement, insight, reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking and working memory

0-2 Years Old

age range of Sensorimotor Stage

late adulthood

50-60

Explained

in PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT, erikson ___ further on Freud’s stages of development

CORSACOV syndrome

when consuming too much alcohol, you can have this disease which is the SHRINKING of cerebellum that can affect balance and muscle coordination

Pons and midbrain

act as pathways connecting various part of the brain with each other.

Types of Neurons

Sensory Neurons, Interneurons and Motor Neurons

Equilibration

assimilation & accommodation

The Limbic System

The emotional center of the brain or the seat of emotion

WITHDRAWAL

core pathology of Infancy in BASIC TRUST vs. BASIC MISTRUST

Psychoanalytic theory

suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life. Each stage of development is marked by conflicts that can help build growth or stifle development, depending upon how they are resolved

projection

ugali mo, pinapasa mo sa iba

hypothalamus

feeling of love

gratification

"in the pre-operational stage, they're Still pretty egocentric, but learning to be able to delay ___"

rivalry towards parent

if the phallic stage is Not resolved

care

“a widening commitment to take care of the persons, the products, and the ideas one has learned to care for”

SENSORY RECEPTORS

Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.

dendrites

receive signals from other neuron cells

zygote

1st cell formed from merging/meeting of sperm and egg cell in fallopian tube

fantasy

in the pre-operational stage, they have difficulty distinguishing _____ from reality (ex: cartoon characters are real people).

Oral Aggressive or Oral Incorporative

"later in life fixation if the oral stage isn't resolved"

halo effects

widening your interpretations. ex, showed you kindness- mabait na agad para sayo

Accommodation

When there’s an inconsistency between the learner’s cognitive structure & the thing being learned the child will reorganize her thoughts

Temporal lobe

Involved in receiving and processing auditory information, higher order visual information, complex aspects of memory and language

weaning process

primary conflict of the oral stage

INHIBITION

core pathology of play age in INITIATIVE vs. GUILT

adrenaline

fight or flight. produced in stressful situations. increases heart rate and blood flow leading to physical boost and heightened awareness

Assimilation

Process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure.

implicit personality theory and temporal extension

two barriers to accurate perception that will be discussed later in the course

anal retentive

tend to be obsessive, kuripot, but very organized at the same time, mga batang hirap tumae

Occipital Lobe

Visual processing area

psychological

little hope ---> retreat from outside world ----> ___________ disturbance

chemical senses

are the smell and taste.

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Puberty and role repudiation

COMPULSION

core pathology of early childhood too little will and too much compulsivity in AUTONOMY vs. SHAME AND DOUBT

Types of Neurotransmitters

Inhibitory and Excitatory

aggression or dependency

"if the fixation on the oral stage isn't fixed what is the outcome?"

matter

"in Concrete Operational Stage, they'll Understand conservation of _______-"

Absolute Threshold

The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time.

Pons

Relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum

PERCEPTUAL EXPECTANCY

inaasahan na maririnig/makikita mo kasi may existing info ka na about it

neuron

basic unit of central nervous system

Reticular Formation

Important in arousal and maintaining consciousness, alertness attention and Reticular Activating System

Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in your neck. It makes two hormones that are secreted into the blood: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

Development happens from one stage to another through interaction with the environment. Changes from stage to stage may occur abruptly and kids will differ in how long they are in each stage.

PERCEPTION

The process of integrating, organizing and interpreting sensations.

3 main sections of the brain

• Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brainstem

NOT COMPLETED

Fixation

wisdom

“informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself”

PURPOSE

Basic strength in INITIATIVE vs. GUILT

fixation

a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain "stuck" in this stage

chemoreceptors

nose and tongue. panlasa at amoy.

HOPE

basic strength of Infancy in BASIC TRUST vs. BASIC MISTRUST

hippocampus

short and long term memories

Abstract reasoning

"in Concrete Operational Stage, they'll develop _____ _________ ability & ability to generalize from the concrete increases "

mechanoreceptors

responsible for vibration, pressure and touch. felt in the skin.

Conservation of matter

understanding that something doesn’t change even though it looks different, shape is not related to quantity

scientifically

"in Formal Operations, they'll Reason ________"

Sensorimotor Stage

• Birth to about 2 years, rapid change is seen throughout

3 prenatal developmental stages

zygote -> germinal, embryonic, fetal

parasympathetic

rest and digest. calms body down after stressful situations. restoration and energy conservation happens

AUTONOMY vs. SHAME AND DOUBT

WILL and COMPULSION

BARRIERS TO ACCURATE PERCEPTION

Stereotyping, Halo Effects, Implicit Personality Theory, Selective Perception, Projections and Temporal Extension

thalamus

emotion

Generativity vs. Stagnation

care and rejectivity

steps in perceptual process

1. sensory stimulation 2. sensory reception 3. perceptual organization 4. interpretation 5. response

Cognitive development

can only happen after genetically controlled biological growth occurs.

Maturing Sexual Interests

Erogenous Zone of The Genital Stage

Rejectivity

core pathology of adulthood in Generativity vs. Stagnation that is the unwillingness to take care of certain persons or groups.

personality

in PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT, erikson Explained the impact of culture, society, and history on the developing _________.