last exam ethics

What ethical approach focuses on preventing problems before they occur through training, compliance, and knowledge?

Preventative Ethics

Peaceful Rest Funeral Home requires all employees to complete annual training on OSHA regulations, the FTC Funeral Rule, and state funeral laws to avoid future violations. What ethical approach is being used?

Preventative Ethics

What term describes the expenses incurred before a problem occurs as part of a preventative ethics strategy?

Up Front Costs

A funeral home spends thousands of dollars on staff training, compliance seminars, and legal consultations to avoid future ethical violations. These expenses are considered what?

Up Front Costs

What preventative ethics practice involves staying informed about funeral service laws, regulations, and updates?

Knowledge of Laws and Changes

A funeral director regularly attends continuing education courses to stay current on changes to state cremation laws and FTC regulations. What preventative ethics practice is being demonstrated?

Knowledge of Laws and Changes

What ethical approach focuses on responding to and correcting problems after they have already occurred?

Remedial Ethics

After a funeral home is cited for violating FTC Funeral Rule requirements, management creates new policies and retrains employees to correct the problem. What ethical approach is being used?

Remedial Ethics

What type of expense is commonly associated with remedial ethics after an ethical or legal violation occurs?

Attorney Fees

A family sues a funeral home after confidential information about a deceased individual was improperly disclosed. The funeral home hires legal counsel to defend the lawsuit. What remedial cost has the funeral home incurred?

Attorney Fees

What negative consequence often results when a funeral home makes poor ethical decisions that become public?

Bad Publicity

A funeral home employee posts unauthorized photographs of human remains online. Local news stations report the incident, and families begin taking their business elsewhere. What consequence is the funeral home experiencing?

Bad Publicity

According to funeral service ethics, bad publicity is normally the result of what?

Poor Ethical Decisions

A funeral home repeatedly ignores privacy concerns, misrepresents merchandise, and allows unlicensed employees to perform restricted duties. Eventually, the funeral home becomes the subject of a damaging news investigation. What is the most likely cause of this bad publicity?

Poor Ethical Decisions

What branch of philosophy deals with values relating to human conduct and the rightness or wrongness of actions and motives?

Ethics

A funeral director must decide whether it is morally acceptable to disclose private family information, even though doing so is not illegal. What branch of philosophy is concerned with determining whether the action is right or wrong?

Ethics

What ethical theory determines right and wrong by choosing the action that creates the greatest balance of benefits over harms for everyone affected?

Utilitarian Ethics

During a funeral service ethics class, students discuss the ideas of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant to better understand how funeral professionals should make ethical decisions. What are these individuals known for?

Foundations of Ethical Though

During a disease outbreak, a funeral home limits visitation attendance to protect the health of the largest number of people, even though some families are disappointed. Which ethical theory supports this decision?

Utilitarian Ethics

What ethical theory determines right and wrong by following moral rules and duties regardless of the outcome?

Deontological Ethics

A funeral director refuses to falsify a death certificate even though it would make arrangements easier for the family because falsifying documents is always wrong. Which ethical theory is being followed?

Deontological Ethics

What ethical philosophy focuses on developing moral character through practicing virtues such as honesty, courage, justice, and generosity?

Virtue Ethics

An embalmer discovers a preparation error that no one else noticed. Instead of hiding the mistake, the embalmer reports it immediately because being honest is part of good character. Which ethical philosophy is demonstrated?

Virtue Ethics

What source of ethics includes teachings found in religious texts such as the Bible, Torah, and Koran?

Religious Sources of Ethics

A funeral director bases ethical decisions on teachings found in the Bible and other sacred texts regarding honesty, compassion, and respect for others. What source of ethics is influencing the decision?

Religious Sources of Ethics

Which theologian's teachings helped shape Latin Christianity and continue to influence ethical thought today?

St. Augustine of Hippo

A funeral service ethics course discusses a theologian whose writings greatly influenced Latin Christianity and still have relevance today. Who is being discussed?

St. Augustine of Hippo

Which theologian is recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as its foremost Western philosopher and theologian?

St. Thomas Aquinas

A funeral director studying the relationship between religion and ethics learns about the theologian considered the Roman Catholic Church's greatest Western philosopher. Who is this individual?

St. Thomas Aquinas

What source of ethics is based on contemporary social norms and values that may change over time?

Secular Values

A funeral home updates its policies regarding social media use and family privacy because societal expectations have changed over the years. What source of ethics is influencing these changes?

Secular Values

What is a formal public statement of professional standards regarding right and wrong conduct?

Code of Ethics

A funeral home requires all employees to follow a written document outlining professional expectations regarding honesty, confidentiality, and ethical conduct. What is this document called?

Code of Ethics

What ethical principle is commonly expressed as "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"?

Golden Rule

A funeral director treats every family with the same compassion, patience, and respect that they would want shown to their own family during a time of loss. What ethical principle is being followed?

Golden Rule

Which theorist proposed that humans progress through stages of moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg

A funeral service student learns about a researcher who believed people develop morally through a series of stages similar to physical growth. Who is this researcher?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory judges right and wrong based primarily on direct consequences to oneself?

Pre-Conventional Stage

A funeral home employee follows a rule only because they are afraid of getting caught and disciplined if they break it. Which stage of moral development does this behavior represent?

Pre-Conventional Stage

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory emphasizes following rules because society expects it and because it benefits the greater good?

Conventional Stage

A funeral director follows FTC Funeral Rule requirements because professionals are expected to obey the rules and doing so benefits the public. Which stage of moral development is represented?

Conventional Stage

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory emphasizes universal values, justice, and independent moral reasoning?

Post-Conventional Stage

A funeral director questions a policy that is technically legal but unfair to families and advocates for a more ethical approach based on justice and fairness. Which stage of moral development is demonstrated?

Post-Conventional Stage

Which researcher argued that women often develop moral reasoning through relationships, care, and responsibility for others rather than primarily through abstract rules and justice?

Carol Gilligan

A funeral service student learns about a researcher who believed moral development in women is often shaped by relationships, compassion, and caring for others rather than solely by universal rules. Who is this researcher?

Carol Gilligan

According to Gilligan, what is the first level of female moral development where concern for one's own survival is the primary focus?

Individual Survival

A new funeral home employee makes ethical decisions based primarily on how the outcome will affect their own well-being and job security. According to Gilligan's theory, which level of moral development is represented?

Individual Survival

According to Gilligan, what transitional stage occurs when a person begins to recognize responsibility for the well-being of others?

Transition from Selfishness to Responsibility

An apprentice funeral director begins to consider how their actions affect grieving families instead of focusing only on themselves. According to Gilligan, what transitional stage is occurring?

Transition from Selfishness to Responsibility

According to Gilligan, what stage equates being a good person with self-sacrifice and caring for others before oneself?

Level Two (Goodness as Self-Sacrifice)

A funeral director constantly works extra hours helping families and neglects their own health because they believe caring for others always comes first. According to Gilligan, which level of moral development is demonstrated?

Level Two (Goodness as Self-Sacrifice)

According to Gilligan, what transitional stage occurs when a person begins to recognize that caring for themselves is also morally important?

Transition to Including Self

A funeral director realizes that maintaining their own physical and emotional well-being allows them to better care for families. According to Gilligan, what transitional stage is represented?

Transition to Including Self

According to Gilligan, what highest level of moral development values caring for both oneself and others while emphasizing inclusiveness and nonviolence?

Level Three (Care for Self and Others)

A funeral director balances providing compassionate care to families while also maintaining healthy personal boundaries and self-care. According to Gilligan, which level of moral development is demonstrated?

Level Three (Care for Self and Others)

What important ethical principle states that an action may be legal but still be morally wrong?

Legal Does Not Mean Ethical

A funeral home legally charges a vulnerable family for unnecessary services that they do not need. Although no law is broken, many professionals view the conduct as unethical. What ethical principle does this illustrate?

Legal Does Not Mean Ethical

What are man-made rules that often establish only the minimum standard of acceptable conduct?

Laws

A funeral director follows state funeral regulations because they are legally required to do so. What type of standard is the director followin

Laws

What system of values concerns right and wrong conduct and often requires standards higher than those required by law?

Ethics

A funeral director refuses to take advantage of a family's lack of knowledge even though doing so would be legal. What system of values is guiding the director's decision?

Ethics

What personal source of ethics includes norms, customs, traditions, and values shared by a group of people?

Culture

A funeral home adjusts services to respect a family's cultural mourning traditions because those customs strongly influence the family's values and expectations. What personal source of ethics is involved?

Culture

What personal source of ethics is based on spiritual beliefs and religious teachings?

Religion

A family requests specific funeral practices based on their faith tradition. Which personal source of ethics is influencing their decisions?

Religion

What personal source of ethics is influenced by group expectations, social norms, and community values?

Community/Society

A funeral home changes its policies because expectations within the local community regarding privacy and professionalism have evolved. What source of ethics is influencing the change?

Community/Society

What personal source of ethics develops through observing, imitating, and learning from family members and close relationships?

Family/Relationships

A funeral director credits their strong commitment to honesty and compassion to lessons learned from parents and mentors. What source of ethics is being described?

Family/Relationships

What professional source of ethics provides formal standards of conduct for members of a profession?

Model Codes of Ethics

A funeral director follows ethical standards published by a professional funeral service association when making difficult decisions. What professional source of ethics is being followed?

Model Codes of Ethics

What professional source of ethics includes ethical principles learned through formal instruction and training?

Education

A mortuary science student learns ethical responsibilities through coursework, discussions, and case studies. What professional source of ethics is influencing the student's development?

Education

What professional source of ethics begins with following laws and regulations intended to promote ethical conduct?

Regulation and Legal Compliance

A funeral home carefully follows state funeral laws, OSHA standards, and FTC regulations because doing so helps maintain ethical business practices. What professional source of ethics is being demonstrated?

Regulation and Legal Compliance

What term describes values relating to human conduct as applied to the care of the deceased, family, funeral home operations, and society?

Funeral Service Ethics

A funeral director must balance respect for the deceased, compassion for the family, proper business practices, and responsibilities to the community when making decisions. What area of ethics is involved?

Funeral Service Ethics

What ethical duty requires funeral professionals to hold sensitive information in trust and not disclose it without proper authorization?

Confidentiality

An employee at Peaceful Rest Funeral Home shares photos of a deceased individual from the preparation room with friends. Which ethical principle has been violated?

Confidentiality

What ethical duty requires a funeral director to be knowledgeable and provide accurate information about services, merchandise, disposition options, warranties, and financial matters?

Knowledge and Factual Representations

A funeral director tells a family that a casket includes a lifetime warranty when it does not. Which ethical duty has been violated?

Knowledge and Factual Representations

What ethical principle requires funeral homes to provide services fairly and without discrimination?

Equitable Professional Service

A funeral home refuses to provide services to a family because of their religion. What ethical principle has been violated?

Equitable Professional Service

What formal agreement is given after receiving complete and accurate information about procedures, alternatives, and consequences?

Informed Consent

A funeral home wants to use photos from a service in marketing materials. Before doing so, the director explains how the images will be used and obtains written permission from the family. What ethical requirement is being followed?

Informed Consent

What ethical principle protects sensitive information regarding remains, circumstances of death, and family matters from unauthorized disclosure?

Privacy

A funeral director discusses the condition of a deceased individual with someone who is not involved in the arrangements. What ethical principle has been violated?

Privacy

What ethical obligation requires funeral professionals to treat human remains with dignity and respect throughout preparation and disposition?

Respectful Handling of Remains

An embalmer unnecessarily exposes remains during preparation when doing so serves no professional purpose. What ethical obligation has been violated?

Respectful Handling of Remains

What ethical responsibility requires funeral professionals to perform preparation and disposition procedures completely and without cutting corners?

Thorough Preparation

To save time, an embalmer skips several preparation procedures that should have been completed before visitation. What ethical responsibility has been violated?

Thorough Preparation

What ethical responsibility requires funeral homes to properly safeguard and account for personal belongings entrusted to their care?

Custody of Personal Effects

A family's jewelry entrusted to a funeral home cannot be located because staff failed to properly document and secure the items. What ethical responsibility was neglected?

Custody of Personal Effects

What human resources responsibility requires employees to behave professionally and ethically in the workplace?

Employee Conduct

A funeral home employee repeatedly behaves disrespectfully toward coworkers and client families. What area of ethical human resources practice is involved?

Employee Conduct

What human resources practice helps employees remain knowledgeable about ethical standards, laws, and professional responsibilities?

Training and Continuing Education

A funeral home requires annual ethics and compliance training for all staff members. What human resources practice is being demonstrated?

Training and Continuing Education

What ethical responsibility requires funeral homes to assign interns and apprentices only appropriate duties within their training and legal authority?

Proper Use of Interns and Apprentices

A funeral home allows an apprentice to perform duties that require a licensed funeral director without supervision. What ethical responsibility has been violated?

Proper Use of Interns and Apprentices

What human resources responsibility involves maintaining safe and healthy working environments for employees?

Working Conditions