pregnancy and fetal development

does htn in pregnancy help the fetus grow or cause growth restriction?

Causes fetal growth restriction

risk factors of htn in pregnancy

BMI >30

Age over 35

lack of exercise/poor diet

hx of htn

autoimmune disease

is preeclampsia w/o severe features symptomatic or non symptomatic

non symptomatic

s/sx preeclampsia w/o severe features

• after 20 wks gestations

• BP > or equal to 140/90

• proteinuria

s/sx of preeclampsia with severe features

• after 20 wks geststion

• bp < or equal to 160/110

• unresolved headache, visual changes, RUQ pain, pulmonary edema

• unnormal labs

eclampsia pre-seizure manifestations

• altered mental state

• sensitivity to light

• severe headache

• burred vision

• hyperreflexia

what is HELLP syndrome

severe manifestation of preeclampsia with severe features causing multi-organ damage

S/SX of HELLP Syndrome

• RUQ pain

• hemolytic anemia

• fatigue

• liver,kidney,cardiovascular, & brain damage

• N/V

what is the main pharmacologic tx for preeclampsia w/ severe features

Magnesium Sulfate

s/x of magnesium toxicity

• respiratory depression

• absent/decreased DTR’s

• muscle weakness

• flushing/sweating

what is the antidote for mg sulfate

calcium gluconate

what causes gestational diabetes

insulin resistance due to hormones

risk factors for gestational diabetes

• BMI >25

• Family Hx

• GDM previously

• prediabetes

• >35 years old

• Hx of LGA

can oral diabetic medications be continued upon pregnancy?

no

what are some treatments for GDM?

• diet & exercise recommended first

• continuous glucose mx

• A1c every 1-2 months

• nutritional counseling

causes of hyperemesis gravidarum

hormonal changes- elevated hCg and progesterone

what is a main complication dehydration can lead to

preterm labor

define hypertrophic changes

thickening/growth of organs

define hyperplastic changes

increase in cells

how do hypertrophic and hyperplastic changes affect the uterus

it allows the uterus to thicken and grow throughout pregnancy

what hormones increase joint flexability

relaxan and progesterone

what is linea alba

dark line running down abdomen

what is melasma

brown patches on face

what is the umbilical cord composed of

two arteries and one vein