About Science

partial solar eclipse

During a(n) ________, pinhole casts a crescent shaped image (like a partially covered Sun)

Greek scientist

Aristarchus, ________, suggested that Earth spins on its axis once a day.

Scientific attitude

________ has inquiry, integrity, and humility.

X rays

Eg: ________ are used for medical diagnosis despite potentially causing cancer.

Biology

________ is built on chemistry, which is built on physics.

Eratosthenes

________ reasoned that the distance between Alexandria and Syene must be 1 /50 times the circumference of the Earth.

Technology

________ is accepted when its benefits outweigh its risks.

Chemistry

________ is about how matter is put together, how atoms combine to form molecules, and how molecules combine to form matter.

Aspirins

________ are useful for adults.

Conclusion

________: Lines between the Earth and the Moon, the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth and the Sun form a right angled triangle.

Theory

________ → combination of a large body of information that has well tested and verified hypotheses of certain aspects of the world.

Mysticism

________: applicable to religion, not science.

public excommunication

The penalty for fraud is ________.

Astrology

________: ancient belief system, not very credible.

Spots of sunlight

________ on the ground beneath trees are pinhole images of the Sun (light shines through leaves)

Science equations

________ are compact expressions of relationships between concepts.

summer solstice

Sun is highest in the sky at noon on the day of the ________.

Circumference of a circle

________: 2πr, where r is the radius.

Alignment of planets

________ in the sky determine the best time to make decisions ..

series of observations

In science, a fact is an agreement between observers making a(n) ________ about the same phenomenon.

hypothesis

A(n) ________ is called a law or principle if it gets tested and proven repeatedly.

Biology

________ is about matter thats alive.

Technology

________ can be used for both good and bad.

Technology

________ focuses on applying scientific concepts for practical purposes.

Circumference of a circle

2πr, where r is the radius

Earths radius

Circumference/2π

Earths radius

6370 km

Earths circumference

40,000 km

Currently accepted diameter of the Moon

3640 km

Conclusion

Lines between the Earth and the Moon, the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth and the Sun form a right angled triangle

[Rule of trigonometry

You can calculate the length of a side by knowing all three angles and the length of another side.]

→ Third angle = 180

(sum of the first two angles)

Another way to measure this

Measuring the diameter of the Suns image cast through a pinhole

Make a simple general rule to organize these three

hypothesis, predicted effects, experimental findings

If evidence contrary to a hypothesis is found, the hypothesis has to be changed or abandoned

unless the evidence is proven wrong

Eg

Aristotles theory that objects fall at speeds proportional to their weight was followed for nearly 2000 years, until Galileo proved him wrong

As Einstein said

"No amount of experiments can prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong."

Note

If a hypothesis is capable of being proved right but not wrong, it isnt scientific

Mysticism

applicable to religion, not science

Astrology

ancient belief system, not very credible

An example of a pseudoscience that has a zero success rate

energy multiplying machines

Case in point

Fossil fuels

Eg

X-rays are used for medical diagnosis despite potentially causing cancer