Bio Genetics and Inheritance

Unit: Genetics and Inheritances: Ronsen

What is the term for the process of passing traits from parents to offspring?

Heredity

What molecule carries genetic instructions in living organisms?

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

46 chromosomes

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

Alleles

What term describes an observable trait or characteristic of an organism?

Phenotype

What do you call an organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene?

Homozygous

What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

Genotype

What tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals?

A Punnett square

What principle states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles segregate during gamete formation?

Mendel's Law of Segregation

What term refers to the first offspring resulting from the cross of parental generation individuals?

F1 generation (first filial generation)

What is the diagram that shows the occurrence of a particular trait in a family over several generations called?

Pedigree

What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present?

Dominant Allele

What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?

Genomics

What term refers to differences in the genetic makeup among individuals of the same species?

Genetic variation

What term describes a situation where both alleles for a gene are expressed in the heterozygous individual?

Codominance

What is the name for the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism?

Genome

What project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome?

Human Genome Project (HGP)

What refers to concerns related to the ethical, legal, and societal aspects of genetics research?

ELSI Research Program

What is the study of the structure and function of proteins encoded by the genome called?

Proteomics

What is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically a protein?

Gene Expression

What is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another called?

Cloning

What is the intentional breeding of organisms with specific traits to produce offspring with those desired traits called?

Selective Breeding

What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?

Genomics

What principle states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene during gamete formation?

law of independent assortment

What is the process of providing information and support to individuals and families who have or are at risk of genetic disorders called?

genetic counseling

What term describes a situation where an individual carries a recessive allele for a trait but does not express the trait?

A Carrier

What is the diagram that shows the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distances between them called?

Genetic Map

What refers to an organism's genetic makeup when considering the combination of alleles for multiple genes?

Genotype

What describes the situation when both alleles for a gene are expressed in the heterozygous individual?

Codominance

What is the name for the offspring resulting from the cross of individuals in the F1 generation?

F2 Generation

What describes the situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?

Incomplete Dominance

What tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals?

A Punnett Square

What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?

Genomics

What project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome?

Human Genome Project (HGP)