Bio Genetics and Inheritance
One-sentence response questions corresponding to each of the multiple-choice questions:
1. What is the term for the process of passing traits from parents to offspring?
Heredity
2. What molecule carries genetic instructions in living organisms?
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
3. How many chromosomes do humans typically have?
46 chromosomes
4. What is the term for different forms of a gene?
Alleles
5. What term describes an observable trait or characteristic of an organism?
Phenotype
6. What do you call an organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene?
Homozygous
7. What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
Genotype
8. What tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals?
A Punnett square
9. What principle states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles segregate during gamete formation?
Mendel's Law of Segregation
10. What term refers to the first offspring resulting from the cross of parental generation individuals?
F1 generation (first filial generation)
11. What is the diagram that shows the occurrence of a particular trait in a family over several generations called?
Pedigree
12. What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present?
Dominant Allele
13. What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?
Genomics
14. What term refers to differences in the genetic makeup among individuals of the same species?
Genetic variation
15. What term describes a situation where both alleles for a gene are expressed in the heterozygous individual?
Codominance
17. What is the name for the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism?
Genome
18. What project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome?
Human Genome Project (HGP)
19. What refers to concerns related to the ethical, legal, and societal aspects of genetics research?
ELSI Research Program
20. What is the study of the structure and function of proteins encoded by the genome called?
Proteomics
21. What is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically a protein?
Gene Expression
22. What is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another called?
Cloning
23. What is the intentional breeding of organisms with specific traits to produce offspring with those desired traits called?
Selective Breeding
24. What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?
Genomics
25. What principle states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene during gamete formation?
law of independent assortment
26. What is the process of providing information and support to individuals and families who have or are at risk of genetic disorders called?
genetic counseling
27. What term describes a situation where an individual carries a recessive allele for a trait but does not express the trait?
A Carrier
28. What is the diagram that shows the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distances between them called?
Genetic Map
29. What refers to an organism's genetic makeup when considering the combination of alleles for multiple genes?
Genotype
30. What describes the situation when both alleles for a gene are expressed in the heterozygous individual?
Codominance
31. What is the name for the offspring resulting from the cross of individuals in the F1 generation?
F2 Generation
32. What describes the situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?
Incomplete Dominance
34. What tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals?
A Punnett Square
38. What is the study of the functions and interactions of genes within the genome called?
Geonomics
42. What project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome?
Human Genome Project (HGP)