PSYCH Normal Sleep: Ai

Sleep is best defined as what type of physiologic state?

~Answer:
A reversible, naturally occurring state of reduced consciousness, motor activity, and sensory responsiveness.

Which of the following best distinguishes sleep from coma?

~Answer:
Sleep is reversible with external stimuli, while coma is not easily reversible.

Sleep is considered an active process because:

~Answer:
There is high brain activity and metabolism during sleep, not inactivity.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sleep?

~Answer:
Sleep is NOT a passive process.

Sleep is necessary primarily for:

~Answer:
Proper brain function.

Sleep is composed of how many major phases?

~Answer:
Two major phases: NREM and REM sleep.

Which phase of sleep is associated with dreaming?

~Answer:
REM sleep (majority of dreaming occurs here).

Which phase of sleep is characterized by muscle atonia?

~Answer:
REM sleep.

Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?

~Answer:
Because brain activity resembles wakefulness despite muscle paralysis.

Which of the following increases during REM sleep?

~Answer:
Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.

Which of the following BEST describes NREM sleep?

~Answer:
Progressively deeper sleep with slower brain waves and reduced muscle tone.

Which stage of sleep is considered the deepest sleep?

~Answer:
Stage 3 and Stage 4 (slow-wave sleep).

Which EEG finding is characteristic of Stage 2 sleep?

~Answer:
Sleep spindles and K complexes.

Which EEG finding is seen in Stage 1 sleep?

~Answer:
Theta waves (3–7 cps).

Which EEG pattern is seen during wakefulness with eyes closed?

~Answer:
Alpha waves (8–13 cps).

Which sleep stage shows high-amplitude delta waves?

~Answer:
Stage 3 and Stage 4.

Which stage is characterized by vertex sharp waves?

~Answer:
Stage 1 sleep.

Which sleep stage has no eye movement?

~Answer:
Stage 2, 3, and 4 (NREM stages).

Which sleep stage is associated with rapid eye movements?

~Answer:
REM sleep.

What happens to muscle tone during REM sleep?

~Answer:
There is tonic atonia (absence of muscle tone).

What is the average REM latency in adults?

~Answer:
Approximately 90 minutes.

After how long does the first REM period typically occur?

~Answer:
About 45 minutes after Stage 4 begins.

What percentage of total sleep is REM?

~Answer:
Approximately 25%.

What percentage of sleep is NREM?

~Answer:
Approximately 75%.

Which sleep stage occupies the greatest proportion of sleep?

~Answer:
Stage 2 sleep (~45%).

What happens to REM duration as the night progresses?

~Answer:
REM periods become longer.

What happens to deep sleep (Stage 3 and 4) as the night progresses?

~Answer:
It decreases and eventually disappears.

What regulates the sleep-wake cycle?

~Answer:
Circadian rhythm and external cues such as light and routines.

When does the sleep-wake rhythm mature?

~Answer:
Within the first 2 years of life.

Which diagnostic test is used to assess sleep?

~Answer:
Polysomnography.

What are the components of polysomnography?

~Answer:
EEG, EOG, and EMG.

What does EEG measure in sleep studies?

~Answer:
Brain activity.

What does EOG measure?

~Answer:
Eye movement.

What does EMG measure?

~Answer:
Muscle tone.

Which type of sleeper requires less than 6 hours of sleep?

~Answer:
Short sleepers.

Which type of sleeper requires more than 9 hours of sleep?

~Answer:
Long sleepers.

What personality traits are associated with short sleepers?

~Answer:
Efficient, ambitious, socially adept, and content.

What traits are associated with long sleepers?

~Answer:
Mild depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal.

What are the effects of sleep deprivation?

~Answer:
Ego disorganization, hallucinations, and delusions.

What symptoms are seen in REM deprivation?

~Answer:
Irritability and lethargy.

What happens to CO₂ response during REM sleep?

~Answer:
No increase in tidal volume despite increased CO₂.

What thermoregulatory change occurs in REM sleep?

~Answer:
Relative poikilothermia.

What sexual physiologic changes occur during REM sleep?

~Answer:
Penile tumescence and vaginal lubrication.

What happens to responsiveness to stimuli during sleep?

~Answer:
Decreased responsiveness (relative deafness)