IELTS Reading "Charles Darwin and Evolutionary Psychology"

rational (adj)

🔤 Phiên âm: /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

🎯 Nghĩa: Có lý trí, hợp lý, dựa trên lý trí.

📝 ex: Evolutionary psychologists argue that human behavior is not always rational, but rather shaped by primal survival instincts.

🔄 Synonyms: logical, reasonable, sensible

❌ Antonyms: irrational, illogical, emotional

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: rationality (n), rationalize (v), rationally (adv)

mould (v)

🔤 Phiên âm: /məʊld/

🎯 Nghĩa: Hình thành, nhào nặn, đúc kết (tính cách, hành vi).

📝 ex: Environmental pressures over thousands of years helped to mould the human brain and its cognitive functions.

🔄 Synonyms: shape, form, forge, fashion

❌ Antonyms: destroy, break, dismantle

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: moulder (n)

corporate (adj)

🔤 Phiên âm: /ˈkɔː.pər.ət/

🎯 Nghĩa: Thuộc về đoàn thể, tập thể, tập đoàn.

📝 ex: Evolutionary principles can sometimes be applied to understand human competition and cooperation in the corporate world.

🔄 Synonyms: collective, shared, organizational, business

❌ Antonyms: individual, personal, independent

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: corporation (n)

cling to (phrasal verb)

🔤 Phiên âm: /klɪŋ tuː/

🎯 Nghĩa: Bám víu vào, khư khư giữ lấy (một niềm tin, quan điểm, thói quen).

📝 ex: Many sociologists still cling to the outdated belief that the human mind is entirely a blank slate at birth.

🔄 Synonyms: hold on to, stick to, adhere to

❌ Antonyms: let go of, abandon, release

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: cling (v), clingy (adj)

contend (v)

🔤 Phiên âm: /kənˈtend/

🎯 Nghĩa: Cho rằng, lập luận rằng, khẳng định; đấu tranh.

📝 ex: Evolutionary psychologists contend that many psychological traits are functional adaptations to ancient environments.

🔄 Synonyms: argue, assert, claim, maintain

❌ Antonyms: deny, reject, surrender

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: contention (n), contentious (adj)

reinventing (v-ing)

🔤 Phiên âm: /ˌriː.ɪnˈven.tɪŋ/

🎯 Nghĩa: Tái tạo, phát minh lại, làm mới hoàn toàn.

📝 ex: By combining biology and cognitive science, evolutionary psychology is reinventing the way we understand human nature.

🔄 Synonyms: remaking, restructuring, revamping, transforming

❌ Antonyms: preserving, maintaining, keeping

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Word Family: reinvent (v), reinvention