Eduqas History: The Search for World Peace since 1970

Reasons for Detente 1970s (5 possible)

keep the world safe, reduce defence spending, end Vietnam war, access to technology and US markets, Brezhnev doctrine

When was SALT 1 and what did it do?

1972, agreed no further production on short range missiles

Basic Principle Agreement - actions taken to avoid nuke warfare

Anti Ballistic missile treaty - limiting ABMs

When was SALT 2 and what did it do?

1979, agreed on no further missile production

When did Nixon withdraw his troops in Vietnam?

1973

What was Ping-Pong diplomacy?

China invited the US to play ping pong and then trade was opened

When was the Ping Pong diplomacy?

April 1971

When and what was the Apollo-Soyuz mission?

1975, US rocket mission with Soviets

In what year did Nixon visit China?

1972

Nixon's inability to win the Vietnam war led to the establishment of closer relations with Communist countries. What is this new policy called?

Détente

What is the popular name given to Nixon's belief that her allies should take care of their own military defence?

Nixon Doctrine

The SALT and Helsinki (1975) agreements are examples of detente in action. What does SALT stand for?

Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

When and what were the Helsinki Agreements?

1975, agreement to focus improving global human rights, security and cooperation with other nations

When did Nixon visit Moscow?

June 1974

Provide one example of improved relations between the USA and China from 1971.

US table team visited China, US lifted trade embargo, China were given UN recognition

In what year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

1979

Reasons for superpower tension in the 1980s (5 possible)

Brezhnev Doctrine, Reagan's attitude to USSR, Carter Doctrine, Moscow Olympics Boycott, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Which Olympics did President Carter pressure the United States Olympic Committee to boycott in 1980 alongside 61 other countries?

Moscow

In a 1982 speech to the British House of Commons what did President Reagan call the USSR?

An Evil Empire

What was the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) more commonly known as?

Star Wars in 1983

Who became the new leader of the USSR in 1985?

Mikhail Gorbachev

Translate one of these Russian words:a) Perestroika b) Glasnost

a) Restructuring, b) Openness

When was the Geneva Summit?

November 1985

In what year was the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty signed in Washington?

December 1987

What does INF stand for?

Intermediate Nuclear Forces

What does CFE stand for?

Conventional Forces Treaty

When, where and what was the CFE?

May 1988 in Moscow, agreement to reduce tanks, missiles and aircraft between all NATO and Warsaw Pact members

By 1991, how many missiles had been destroyed by the USA & USSR?

2692 - 846 by USA, 1846 USSR

At which summit in 1989 did George Bush Senior and Gorbachev announce that the Cold War was over?

Malta

In what year did the people start to dismantle the Berlin Wall?

1989

When and what was the Sinatra doctrine?

1989

allowed satellite state countries to do what they wanted with their government without interference

What did Gorbachev do in December 1988?

Withdrew Soviet military from satellite states

What did Gorbachev's actions in December 1988 cause?

The Fall of the Berlin Wall and the USSR

When was the Fall of the Berlin Wall?

November 1989

In what year was the Treaty for the Reduction and Limitations of Strategic Arms (START) finally signed?

July 31 1991

In what year was the US embassy in Iran taken over by militant Iranian students?

1979

Provide the name of one of the phases of the military campaigns during the Gulf War?

Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Desert Sabre

What was Operation Desert Shield/Storm/Saber

Un sent force to Saudi to defend oil reserves

USA sent 2k aircraft including stealth aircraft against Iran in Jan 1991

aimed to liberate Kuwait in Feb 1991

During the Gulf War, what did the military campaigns aim to do?

Defend Saudi Arabia and Kuwait while attacking Iraq

When was the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait?

1990