Changes in function and characteristics 1.2

How does places characteristics change as they develop

Accessibility, connection, government policies change places function- change between commercial, retail, or industry

What do different functions affect

Affect locations employment opportunities, industries

What are the different type of functions

Administrative, commercial, retail, industrial

Administrative

• providing public services like in schools, hospitals through local authority

Commerical

• Location with strong business influence- TNCs may have bases there

• Large volume of small and large scale businesses

• provide services that’s profitable like banking

Retail

• Urban area with attractive retail facilities- markets, shopping centre

• Retail industry is main source of income

Industrial

• manufacturing and distributing goods

Places function changing as economic needs change

Increased use of online banking, shopping led to some places closing their retail function, causing economic decline

Industrial in Middlesbrough declined due to factory closing in steel industry

Demographics

As function changes, characteristics of this population may change

Changing demographics

• Places having economic growth attract young people and become ethnically diverse

• Ethic composition of place changes due to migration

Changing demographics in Middlesbrough

Experienced economic decline, older and retired population

80% white people living there- not as economically successful as dosent attract economic migrants

What is gentrification

Change in social structure of people when affluent people move to a place

E.g. middle class moving to rundown area, improves areas image and houses

What does gentrification lead to

Increase property values, causing displacement of orginial poorer residents

Factors that cause change

Physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, historical development, role of local and national planning

Accessibility and connectedness causing change

• building of new transport (airports) causes ppl to be more connected to far places

• improved accesibility= buisnesses attract skilled workers, trade goods- place develops economically causing change in its function, demographics

Physical factors

• physical geography of place changes

• Uk coast always changing- infrastructure for functions requiring coats like tourism, fishing may disappear as coast recedes

• climate change may affect types of farming possible in place- changes character of countryside

Historical development

• new buildings and loss of old industries changes how ppl make a living

Role of local/ national planning

• at national level- development funds located to some locations and not others

• planning regulations preventing developments from being built like green belt land

What is the Multiple deprivation index

• measures deprivation in area, gives it a ranking based on certain criteria

• education, health, crime, employment, income, living environment

• greater weighing’s given to income and employment

How does the Index of multiple deprivation measure deprivation

Combines info from 7 different deprivation categories (income, education) to get an overall score of deprivation

Enables identification of most deprived areas to allow interventions

Deprivation in Middlesbrough and St Albans

• Middlesbrough ranked most deprived areas in all categories

• St Albans ranked least deprived in all domains

Other measures of how economically successful places area- population growth

• increased house pricing in areas shows economic fortunes

• changes in demographics- age, ethnicity of population indicate place changing function- UK becoming more ethnically diverse indicates increased economic security