Physics Unit 3: Forces

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. It remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

mass

What is mass?

• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

• It is a fundamental property of an object and is typically measured in kilograms (kg).

• Mass is different from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.

• Mass remains constant regardless of the object's location, while weight can vary depending on the strength of gravity.

Newtons 1st law

An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and direction, unless acted upon by an external force.

what 2 factors determine an objects momentum

Mass and velocity of an object are the two factors that determine its momentum.

what is momentum

Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity. It describes the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changes in motion.

what is force

Definition: A push or pull on an object that causes it to accelerate or change its motion. It is measured in Newtons (N) and can be exerted by physical contact or at a distance.

1N=the force required to accelerate…

a 1kg mass by 1m/s².

contact forces

Forces that require direct physical contact between objects to exert an effect. Examples include friction, normal force, tension, and applied force.

field forces

Forces that act on objects at a distance, without physical contact. They include gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces.

what is FBD

FBD stands for Free Body Diagram. It is a visual representation used to analyze forces acting on an object. It shows the object as a dot and includes all external forces acting on it, with arrows indicating their direction and magnitude.

what is net force

The overall force acting on an object, taking into account both magnitude and direction, is known as net force. It determines the object's acceleration and whether it will move or remain at rest.

if net force on an object is zero how will the object move

constant velocity

if net force on an object is NOT zero how will the object move

speed up (accelerate)

newtons second law

non zero net force will cause an object to accelerate bc of this equation: F=ma