Bio Lab Final 1

Seeds that farmers plant in their farmland must have of which of the following property?

Living embryo

The _______ is obtained by summing all observation and dividing by the total number of observations

mean

After putting a list of numbers in numerical order, the ___ is the number which is located in middle of the list of numbers.

median

Choose the test used to detect seed viability?

Tetrazolium

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set is known as _____.

range

Experimental error in scientific research/method refers to the following.

Differences in the dependent variable in the experimental units that are treated alike

Following helps to measure the experimental error in experimentation

Replication

If the length of the bottom line that is drawn on page 9 of your lab manual is 6.6 cm, what is that length in millimeters?

66.0 mm

The ___ is the metric unit for volume.

Liter

The prefix kilo means _____.

a thousand

The space between the objective lens and the slide on the stage is known as the ____.

working distance

The term ____ indicates that once a specimen has been focused using the scanning objective, the object will remain in focus when rotating to a higher magnifying objective.

parfocal

Which of the following should only be used when the scanning objective is in place?

coarse focus adjustment knob

The extent to which image details stand out against a background is known as _____.

contrast

The total magnification when using the low power objective is ____.

100X

The ___ provides shape to the cell, protects it from the external environment, and regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

The organism shown in the figure below is classifies as a ______

prokaryote

What is the shape of the organism shown below?

bacillus

The ____ contain enzymes to break down large molecules.

lysosomes

Plant cells and animal cells both contain _____.

1. Cell wall

2. Mitochondria

3. chloroplasts

4. ribosomes

Mitochondria and ribosomes

Some proteins on the cell membrane were seen helping the movement of some molecules into the cell. What is the process?

Facilitated diffusion

The regulation of the passage of substances into and out of the cell is called ____.

Selective permeability

When water moves into a sell and presses the cytoplasm against the plant cell wall _____.

tugor pressure occurs

A(n) ___ solution has a greater concentration of solute relative to a second one

hypertonic

____ is the specific name for the movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration.

osmosis

A carbohydrate is comprised of ___.

one or more sugar units

The indicator _____ is used to detect proteins.

Biuret solution

The indicator ____ is used to detect complex carbohydrates.

Lugol’s iodine

The indicator is used to detect simple carbohydrates

Benedict’s solution

A protein is comprised of ___.

amino acids

Enzyme are classified as which type of macromolecule?

1. nucleic acid

2. Protein

3. lipid

4. carbohydrate

protein

____ catalyze reactions

enzymes

The amount of product produced per unit time is the definition of _____.

enzyme efficiency

Enzymes are an example of which type of macromolecule?

proteins

The tertiary and quaternary structure of an enzyme is determined by ______.

the primary structure.

Photosynthetic pigments in plants are specifically located in the following.

Thylakoid membrane

The fraction of light that passes through the sample and reaches the detector of the spectrophotometer is known as ____.

transmittance

What does Beer’s law propose?

Absorbance and concentration are directly proportional

Using the graph, what wavelength of light is the most absorbed by chlorophyll a?

440 nm

Spectrophotometry is the study following.

Interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter

The ____ traces the movement of carbon through the earth system.

carbon cycle

_____ is the process by which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into molecules of sugar

photosynthesis

Living organisms that are capable of undergoing photosynthesis are described as _____.

Autotrophs

A metabolic pathway is _____.

A sequence of chemical reactions that are part of the metabolic process

What is the product of aerobic respiration?

carbon dioxide

“If an alarm clock is set for 5:00 AM, then an alarm will sound at 5:00 AM.” This statement is an example of which of the following?

Prediction

Measurements for which of the following should be plotted on the vertical (y) axis?

dependent variable

the results from a single experiment ____.

should be reproduced at least three times before being accepted as true

Which of the following is used to help interpret the results of an experiment by demonstrating the expected outcome for the experiment?

positive control

Choose the test used to detect seed viability

Tetrazolium

Experimental conditions that investigators try to keep the same within both the experimental and control groups are termed ____.

standardized variable

Large standard deviations in datasets from samples will allow for (cause) the following.

Mask the true treatment differences

Following data on the area of the dead bacterial lawn (a homogeneously spread bacterial plane) were recorded in an experiment designed to find if antibiotic A is more effective than the antibiotic B in controlling Streptococcus aureus bacteria.  Data (cm²) below stem from four replications per each antibiotic/treatment.

Antibiotic A - 3, 6, 6.5, 7

Antibiotic B - 1, 3, 9, 11

Which statement is correct about this data/experiment?

Experimental error needs more controlling in Antibiotic B

As Jane's physician you became interested in creating a clinical trial to determine the effect of dietary incorporation of chia seeds on lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) levels in a larger population.  There were 1500 people enrolled in the trial, 500 that were given a placebo, 500 given the chia seeds and 500 that received a known cholesterol lowering drug.  Cholesterol levels were taken for each patient following six months and a year after enrollment into the trial.

In the above paragraph what is the negative control for the clinical trial?

the placebo

Which of these statements if false?

The hypothesis should be written as an “If…then” statement.

which of the following metric units is the smallest?

a microgram

What is the purpose of a micropipette?

To measure sample volumes of 1 mL or less.

What is the length of the red line in the image shown below?

3.2 cm

Which of the following is the equivalent of 55.44 grams?

5.54 ×10^7 micrograms

Choose the test used to detect seed viability?

Tetrazolium

If you wanted to create a 2 mM solution of sodium chloride in 1000 mL from a 200 mM sodium chloride stock solution, what volume of the solution would you use? (hint: M1V1 = M2V2).

10 mL of 200 mM stock

The unit liters ____.

is he base unit of volume

The volume 350 uL is equivalent to which of the following?

0.35 mL

 ___ is the measurement of the quantity of matter present in a sample

mass

The dependent variable is _____

The factor that is plotted on the y-axis of a graph

The 4X objective should ____.

be used to scan your slide to find the sample of interest.

These two Domains are prokaryotic

Bacteria and Archaea

Parfocal means _____.

Once an objective lens has been focused, you can rotate to another objective lens, and the image will remain in coarse focus

Which of the following parts of the microscope is used to control the amount of light that reaches a specimen?

iris diaphragm

Which of the following is used to raise and lower the stage?

coarse adjustment knob

The arrow labeled (3) is pointing toward what structure in the figure below?

stage

This structure in plant cell stores a large volume of water and helps the cell maintain its shape

Vacuole

Why must a small object seen through the ocular lens be centered in the field of view before changing to a higher power objective lens?

To prevent its disappearance due to the decrease in the field of view.

The total magnification of a specimen using the high-power lens is ____.

400x

Most of the genetic material of bacteria is found in its structure

Nucleoid

This structure in animal cell helps move chromosomes during cell division

centriole

During the process of diffusion, molecules move from a ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration.

higher; lower

In the biological membranes experiment, what does the dialysis tubing represent?

plasma membrane

These structures store and deliver nutrients and proteins throughout the cell.

Vesicles

Proteins produced by ______ are released to and transported by ____________.

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum

Some proteins on the cell membrane were seen helping the movement of some molecules into the cell.  What is this process?

Facilitated diffusion

What is correct about diffusion?

Doesn’t require ATP

Osmosis is the following

Movement of water across a membrane

Ribosomes are synthesized specifically in the following stucutre

Nucleolus

choose what is not a good-enough life-defining characteristic.

growth

A ________ is composed of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Carbohydrate

The reagent, _________, detecting _______ needed heating during our macromolecule lab? (Answers are in this sequence)

Benedict, simple sugars

What would a positive test for lipids look like?

A spot of oil residue on a piece of paper.

______ are the primary energy storage molecules in animals.

Fats

Which of the following items would serve as a positive control for the Biuret Test?

Protein drink

To test an unknown sample for the presence of a simple sugar, you would use ______.

Benedict’s reagent

What color solution would form if a food item tested strongly positive in the Lugol’s Iodine test?

Deep blue to black

Which testing reagent could be used to identify the molecule shown?

Biuret solution

Which of the following substances should test positive for the presence of lipids?

Vegetable oil

Which one is a polysaccharide?

Cellulose

Which regard to the absorbance spectrum lab experiment, which of the following served as the dependent variable?

absorbance

Denaturing the protein structure of catechol-oxidase will cause a loss of which of the following protein structures?

I. primary

II. secondary

III. tertiary

IV. quaternary

2,3,4

Following is the entire range of electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic spectrum

Which of the following defines a biological catalyst?

A molecule or substance that participates in a reaction in order to increase the rate of that reaction.

Which of the following best defines the term wavelength?

The distance from the crest of one electromagnetic wave to another