Human Micro Quiz 1

Robert Hooke

Published Micrographia, coined the term cell

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

"Discoverer of the microbial world", Described hundreds of moving particles he called animalcules and first description of bacteria

Aristotle

Created the term spontaneous generation

Louis Pasteur

Refuted spontaneous generation using "swan neck flask" experiment , developed pasteurization and proposed germ theory

Joseph Lister

Created sterile surgeries and developed the practice of antisepsis

Robert Koch

Formalizes standards to identify germs with infectious disease and developed a set of four postulates for isolating the causative agent of disease

Edward Jenner

"Father of Vaccination" and developed vaccination in inoculating individuals with the safer cowpox virus

Paul Ehrlich

Developed 606 "magic bullet" to cure syphilis

Alexander Fleming

Created penicillin through mold

Emerging diseases

Disease that are new to the population such as AIDS, SARS & MERS

Reemerging Diseases

Diseases that were under control in the past but are showing a resurgence in the present

Bioterrorism

Intentional or threatened use of biological agents to cause fear or inflict death/disease. Can be spread widely through the air and water to affect large populations.

Thermophilic

40-90C Needs a high temp to grow

Psychrophilic

0-20C Needs a very cold temp to grow

Halophilic

Need a high salt concentration to grow

Acidophilic

Needs an acidic temperature to grow

Anaerobic

Can live without O2

Aerobic

Can live with O2

Facultative

Can live with or without O2

Obligate intracellular parasites

Needs to be inside of a cell to grow (ex. viruses)

Quorum sensing

Cells can communicate with each other biochemically

Resolution

Most important part of a microscope; Seeing two distinct objects

Magnification

The process of enlarging an object in appearance

Lag phase

Cells metabolically active, no division yet.

Log phase (exponential phase)

Rapid cell division; most growth occurs here; antibiotics work the the best here

Stationary phase

Nutrients limited; growth = death. Stays the same

Death phase

Cells die off

Simple Stain

Staining with a basic dyes that are positive

Negative Stain

Staining with acidic dye which is negative and stain the background

Gram Stain

Most important stain in micro; Crystal violet (basic dye) then iodine (mordant) then 95% ethyl alcohol then Safranin (acidic dye)