Oxidative Phosphorylation: ETC and Chemiosmosis

ETC

electron transport chain

NADH

3 ATP

FADH2

2 ATP

I

NADH dehydrogenase

II

succinate dehydrogenase

III

cytochrome b-c1 complex

IV

cytochrome oxidase complex

Q

co enzyme Q

cyt C

cytochrome C

I —> Q

I picks up H+ from NADH, NADH oxidized to NAD+

Q —> inter membrane space

Q strips electrons from I, H+ moves to inter membrane space

Q —> III

Q moves electrons to III, Q is oxidized, III is reduced

III —> inter membrane pace

III pumps one proton into inter membrane space

cyt C —> IV

cyt c moves 2 electrons to IV

IV —> inter membrane space

IV pumps one H+ into inter membrane space

chemiosmosis

free energy from ECG moves protons through ATP synthase to create ATP

where is the highest concentration of hydrogen ions

inter membrane space

how do H+ reach the intermembrane space

protein complexes pump H+ using free energy from ETC

why is energy required to pump H+ from matrix to inter membrane space

ions are moving against the concentration gradient, from an equilibrium to high concentration

what molecules carry electrons in the ETC

cyt C, Q

electron carriers

NADH, FADH2

where do electron aceptors come from

NADH and FADH2 produced by glycolysis, link, and krebs

loss of electron

oxidation

gains electron

reduction

final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC

oxygen, very EN because electrons are very stable

what compound is formed as the final product of the ETC

H2O

is any ATP used produced in the ETC

no

is any ATP used in the ETC

no

movement of H+ during chemiosmosis

H+ move into ATP synthase by facilitated diffusion, move with concentration gradient, proton motive force causes movement and creation of ATP

transmembrane protein that provides a channel for H+ ions to pass through the membrane

ATP synthase

reaction occurring from flow of H+ through protein channels

phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP

total ATP in glycolysis

2 ATP, 2 NADH

total ATP in link

0 ATP, 2 NADH

total ATP in krebs

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

role of oxygen in aerobic respiration

make H2O, creates ECG (oxidizes compounds)

oxidative phosphorylation

chemiosmosis

substrate level phosphorylation

glycolysis, krebs

which side of the inner mitochondrial membrane has a higher pH

matrix, lower concentration of H+

which phases of cellular respiration are unaffected by the lack of mitochondria in a cell

glycolysis, in cytoplasm

where is the concentration gradient in prokaryotic cells

cell membrane, prokaryotes don’t have any other membrane

why do prokaryotic cells create 2 more ATP then eukaryotic cells

NADH does not enter mitochondria, NADH —> FADH2 when entering mitochondria

where is glucose (C6H12O6) used

glycolysis, link reaction, krebs

where is 6O2 used

ETC

where is 6CO2 produced

link reaction (1/pyruvate), krebs (2/pyruvate)

where is 6H2O produced

ETC

where is ATP produced

chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation), glycolysis, krebs