translation

What process refers to the building of proteins using the encoded messages of mRNA

Translations

Translation relies on :

Ribosomes to perform translation

Which tRNA is attached to an amino acid?

Charged tRNA

Which tRNA is NOT attached to an amino acid?

Discharged tRNA

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the TRNA molecules?

Hydrogen bonding between base pairs of nucleotides

Why is charging of tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases crucial for protein synthesis?

It ensures that tRNAs are paired with the correct amino acids which is critical for accurate protein synthesis

The tRNA in the figure has its 3’ end projecting beyond 5’ end. Which of the following processes will occur at this 3’ end?

The amino acid binds covalently

Ribosomes consist if a small & large ribosomal _________ each made of _______ & ______.

subunits; proteins & rRNA

Prokaryotes have ____ S ribosomes consisting of large ____S & small ___ S ribosomal subunits.

70; 50 large & 30 small subunits

Eukaryotes have ____ S ribosomes consisting of large ____S & small ___ S ribosomal subunits.

80; 60 large & 40 small subunits

How many tRNA binding sites do ribosomes have ?

3

A (Aminoacyl-tRNA )binding site is responsible for what ?

Holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added ( charged tRNA enter this site first)

P(peptidyl- tRNA) binding site is responsible for ?

Holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

E (exit) site is responsible for what ?

Where discharged tRNAs exit the ribosome from the site

The direction of ribosome movement during translation is in the :

5’ to 3’ direction of mRNA

Many antibiotics work by blocking the function of ribosomes. Therefore these antibiotics will:

Block protein synthesis in prokaryotes