History #3: Ancient Egyptian Period

egyptian period

3500-1000BC

Egyptian

focuses on permanence,stability, eternity, life after death

FORMALIZED ART

rules for the portrayal of human figure

THEOCRACY

pharaoh thought to be a god

Hieroglyphics

a system of writing with picture symbols, this allowed history to be written

Egyptian

discovered glass

Pharaoh

____________ considered divine during Egyptian civilization

KA

Egyptian soul

AMON

THE GOD OF THEBES. SACRED ANIMALS THE RAM AND GOOSE

ANUBIS

Jackal-god; patron of embalmers, god of necropolis

ATEN

The god of the sun-disk; worshipped as the creator god by Akhenaten

BES

HELPER OF WOMEN IN CHILDBIRTH, PROTECTOR AGAINST SNAKES AND OTHER DANGERS; DEPICTED AS A DWARF WITH FEATURES OF A LION.

HAPI

God of the Nile River; man with female breasts

HATHOR

the goddess of CHILDREN; depicted as COW or woman with COWS HORN

HORUS

FALCON GOD; originally the sky god; identified with the king, son of OSIRIS AND ISIS

IMHOTEP

ARCHITECT who was later deified as the god of LEARNING AND MEDICINE

ISIS

the DIVINE MOTHER; one of PROTECTOR GODDESSES,protecting coffins and canopic jars

MAAT

Goddess of truth, depicted as WOMAN W OSTRICH FEATHER ON HER HEAD

MUT

THE WIFE OF AMON; ORIGINALLY THE VULTURE GODDESS; LATER DEPICTED AS A WOMAN.

OSIRIS

God of the underworld, identified as the DEAD KING; MUMMIFIED KING

PTAH

creator god of MEMPHIS; patron god of CRAFTSMEN, mummiform man

RA

SUN GOD OF HELIOPOLIS; supreme judge;FALCON HEADED

SETH

god of STORMS AND VIOLENCE; brother and murderess of osiris; RIVAL OF HORUS, depicted as pig ,ass, hippopotamus

ornament, record of history, veneration to gods

Uses of egyptian art.

Law of Frontality

Face must look straight ahead and each side must be exactly like the other, although the hands and feet are in profile; eyes, shoulders in front view

Egyptian art

royalty are portrayed large and formally; commoners are portrayed naturally; slaves and enemies in smallest scale; men are colored REDDISH BROWN, female in YELLOW

Egyptian Sculpture

lions, bulls of red granite, seated figures of royalty, sphinx, sarcophagus

SPHINX

mythical beast of ancient egypt, frequently symbolizing the pharaoh as an incarnation of sun god ra; HEAD OF A MAN, BODY OF LION; some with RAM'S HEADS, others are HAWK'S HEAD

SARCOPHAGUS

carved, generally stone case in which linen wrapped mummy was placed

Egyptian Architecture

rectangular forms in straight lines are its dominant features; massive and solid; excessively THICK WALLS; simple, few moldings; proportions and support were heavy and sturdy; trabeated construction

TRABEATED CONSTRUCTION

post and lintel

IMHOTEP

the first recorded artist of western history, architect of ZOSER; Status of a court official

MASTABAS

Funerary temples for commoners; later developed into step pyramids, on top of each other

NECROPOLIS

city of MASTABAS

Pyramids

a massive FUNERARY STRUCTURE OF STONE OR BRICK; with a square base and 4 SLOPIN triangular sides meeting at the apex

stepped, bent, straight

Types of pyramid

Stepped pyramid

midway between the earlier mastaba tomba and perfected forms at Giza; composed of mastabas stacked on top of each other

OBELISKS

Square shaft of stone with a pyramidal top used as a monument

TEMPLES

Post and lintel construction characterized as a forest of columns

mortuary, cult, rock-hewn tombs

types of temples

Mortuary Temple

For the dead pharaoh

CULT TEMPLES

For popular worship of the ancient gods

Rock hewn Tombs / temples

Located on cliffs where they cut labyrinth passageways that led to ceremonial and burial chambers which were later replaced by temples

pylon, peristyle, hypostyle hall, sanctuary

parts of an Egyptian temple

PYLON

a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple marked by two flat, sloping walls between which is a smaller entrance

PERISTYLE

Open court of an Egyptian temple

hypostyle hall

contains a double row of columns higher that the others

SANCTUARY

contains a small shrine which was used as receptacle for small statue of a god

papyrus bundle, lotiform, palmiform, campaniform, hathor headed, volute

types of capitals

PAPYRUS BUNDLE

FOR PAPYRUS, THE PLANT SYMBOLIZING LOWER EGYPT SUGGESTS THE PRESENCE OF A TEMPLE; CAN HAVE CIRCULAR OR RIBBED SHAFT.

LOTIFORM

Used in non-secular buildings

campaniform flower

bell shaped for, either LOTUS OR PAPYRUS

GIZA PYRAMIDS

The most elaborate of egyptian requirement for afterlife pyramid of khufu

Pyramid of Khafre

b. second-oldest and second largest of the pyramids

THE GREAT SPHINX

symbol of PROTECTION; natural limestone with addition of stone blocks; molded inti a HUMAN HEADED LION with face of KHAFRE; opening is located between its paws

Pyramid of Khufu

the great pyramid of Giza, oldest and largest of the three pyramids in Giza

Pyramid of Menkaure

c. newest and smallest of the pyramids

STEPPED PYRAMID OF ZOSER

the FIRST pyramid built,stepped pyramid used to house the KA of king zoser

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

composed of 3 large terraces connected to eacg other by ramps

GREAT TEMPLE OF AMUN

, karnak; boasts a Hypostyle hall 134 freestanding columns in 16 rows. built by a sacred lake

GREAT TEMPLE OF ABU SIMBEL

An example of a rock-cut temple, with 4 collosal statues of Rameses II to honor his own memory