BIO 102 Exam 4 Study Guide

These flashcards cover the major terms and concepts from the BIO 102 Exam 4 study guide, focusing on taxonomy and characteristics of different animal and plant groups.

Phylum Porifera

Includes sponges; characterized by basic sponge anatomy, spicules, and spongin.

Ctenophores

Comb jellies; distinguished from cnidarians by having two sticky tentacles and bands of cilia.

Cnidocytes

Stinging cells in cnidarians that function to capture prey.

Hox genes

Genes that control the body plan of an organism and contribute to diversifying animal forms.

Alternation of generations

A reproductive cycle in plants where a diploid sporophyte alternates with a haploid gametophyte.

Double fertilization

A process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg, while another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm.

Monocots

A group of angiosperms characterized by having one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, and flower parts in multiples of three.

Dicots

A group of angiosperms characterized by having two cotyledons, net-like leaf venation, and flower parts in multiples of four or five.

Protosomes

A major group of animals characterized by developmental mode where the mouth develops before the anus.

Deuterostomes

A major group of animals characterized by developmental mode where the anus develops before the mouth.

Hydrostatic skeleton

A structure found in some animals like annelids that provides support through fluid-filled cavities.

Radula

A tongue-like organ found in mollusks used for feeding.

Ecdysozoans

A clade of animals that shed their exoskeleton, including groups like arthropods and nematodes.

Tardigrada

Phylum of water bears, known for their resilience in extreme conditions.

Chordate

An animal belonging to the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord at some stage of development.

Tetrapods

Four-limbed vertebrates that evolved from lobe-finned fishes, crucial for colonizing terrestrial environments.

Class Mammalia

Class of animals characterized by mammary glands, hair or fur, and three middle ear bones.