last bedell final

Homestead Act

-Government passes law

-160 acres for 10$ registration fee

-Must promise that you will farm it for 5 years

Pacific Railroad Act

Congress passed a law to give land and money to companies to build the Transcontinental Railroad.

Where did Transcontinental Railway meet?

Promontory Summit, Utah.

What immigrant labor made Transcontinental Railway possible?

Chinese Immigrants labor

(Very mistreated)

Irish immigrant labor

Dakota Uprising of 1862

*Important Date

-Native Americans attack settlers (leads to war)

-38 Chiefs & Warriors are executed

(Largest US execution ever)

Sand Creek Massacre

-U.S led massacre

-Led by Colonel John Chivington,

-Killed many Native Indian woman, & children

Black Hills and Reservation for the Sioux

-Government signs treaty letting Sioux use black hills

-Gold is discovered

-They are forced out

Custers Last Stand

-Custer’s unit is killed by Sioux warriors

-No survivors (In Custers Unit)

-Indian Victory

(U.S now pushes efforts to force all Natives onto reservations)

Assimilation

-Process of forcing Natives into American culture

(Forced to speak English, Cut Hair, Etc.)

Boarding Schools

-Native Americans were sent to boarding schools

Reason: To physically and mentally act as the whites (Americans)

Wounded Knee

Location: Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

-Last major conflict between U.S. Army and Native Americans.

-200-300 Native Americans killed.

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes & operates a business

Proprietorship

If you own a business

Partnership

A business owned by 2 or more parties

Corporations

A group authorized to act as a single entity, recognized by law.
Short: Employees working together under law

Andrew Carnegie

-Owner of multiple steel companies

(Used Vertical Integration/ Relied on his own supply)

Investment Capital

-Investing in many companies and getting money from when they improve.

(Carnegie Method)

Henry George

-Ran for mayor of NYC (Not republican nor democrat)

- Came Second

-Wrote Progress and Poverty. *Know what its about

(Something is wrong with economy, he came from nowhere to being famous)

J.P Morgan

Owned the biggest bank in all of America and shaped the economy of the gilded age

Monopoly

-When a company controls an entire Market with no competition

(Carnegie did this by lowering his prices, then the competitors lost customers and were forced to shut down, ending up with Carnegie buying them out) - you don’t need this just an example

John D. Rockefeller

-Oil Refiner

-Used Kickback method

Standard Oil Company

-A massive America oil producing transporting refining and marketing company

-Established by John D Rockefeller

Bribes

-Something of value given to influence someone’s actions (illegally)

-Occurred in private industries and government

(Examples: Tweed, Rockefeller)

Kickbacks

-Hidden money or benefits paid back to someone for providing for a business

(Rockefeller pays $5 for trains to take his oil, then Rockefeller threatens his oil will not be shipped unless he gets $1 back, they give him the $1 because they need his business.) - you don’t need to know this just an example

Henry Clay Frick

-Henry Clay Frick is top manager for Andrew Carnegie

-Lower wages and Kick union out

Homestead Steel Strike

-Henry Clay Frick lowers workers pay (cut by 20%)

-Workers went on strike

-Frick hires a private security force & brings new workers & 20 killed

Significance: The government sides with Carnegie 100% over the Union

What were typical working hours for factory workers?

12 hours a day

How many days per week?

6 days

What were three goals of labor unions?

-Safer working conditions

-Shorter hours

-Better Pay

What were trade unions?

-A union for each individual job based on what they do

(Carpenter Union, Farmer Union)

What were industrial unions?

All people are one union (they come as one to be stronger)

Who was Samuel Gompers

-Leader of labor unions

-Said unions should based on skill (carpenters unions/ steel union)

(Many against that)

Lockout

-Locked out business workers

-Management shutting down business (because of labor dispute)

Strike

-Workers not working for change

Tammany Hall

-Headquarters for the Democratic Party

Bill Tweed

-Leader of Tammany Hall in New York City

-Known for corruption

-Gave jobs to immigrants/workers to ensure democratic vote

-Imprisoned for stealing tax payers money

(Democrat)

Political Machine

-Network of politicians controlling elections.

-Uses patronage (jobs/favors) and vote manipulation.

-Often corrupt with bribery and fraud.

How did politicians use their office to enrich themselves?

-Took bribes for favors.

-Gave jobs to supporters for money or loyalty.

-Used their position to make money through deals.

Name two ways President Trump has enriched himself while in

office.

-Selling Crypto Currency to other nations

-Documentary made on Melania Trump

(Boeing 767 gifted by Qatar)

Panic of 1893
*Important Date

Panic of 1893

-Many banks out of business (bankruptcy)

-Many people with no job

-Collapse of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad

(Compared to great depression)

Mary Elizabeth Lease

-Biggest speaker/advocate for the populist movement (farmers)

-Told them to form a People’s party

(Knows about hard times)

(Famous corn quote)

Coxeys Army

-Response to the Panic of 1893

-A march on the nations capital from Ohio to Washington D.C

-Providing work to people with no jobs (Fixing roads)

What were key reforms proposed by the Populist Party?

-Silver as part of the currency

-Graduated income tax

-Asking the government to break up the monopolies

Why did socialite women of Newport, Rhode Island and New

York City snub Alva Vanderbilt? Why did they accept her

company again?

-She divorced her husband

-She got her daughter to marry aristocrat (He married for money)

The Gold Standard

-Government holds gold in reserve to back the value of paper money

-Used to ensure stability

-Less money in circulation (deflation policy)

(Helped big businesses)

Silver backed currency

-More money in circulation (inflation policy)

-Helped working class

William Jennings Bryan

-Gave famous cross of gold speech

-Wants to change things for working class

William McKinley

-Doesn’t want to change things for working class

Election of 1896

-William Jennings Bryan gives famous speech that doesnt let big businesses take control of people

-William McKinley won

Social Darwinism

-Applying Darwin’s science ideas to countries & nations

Survival of the fittest

-Idea that certain nations are at the top because they are the most fit

Warren G Harding

-Elected president in 1920

-Republican

-Administration had many scandals

Return to Normalcy

-Hardings Campaign Slogan

-Opposite of Woodrow Wilson

-Content to living his life (Wanted things back to normal)

(Wanted things to go back to normal, and did not care about the other people suffering)

Teapot Dome

-Scandal under Harding

-Took bribes to let oil companies drill gov land

Calvin Coolidge(Republican)

-Became president when harding died in office

-Very pro business

Alice Paul

-Protested for women’s rights

-Woman should be able to vote

Ida B Wells

-Protests woman’s suffrage

-Anti lynching

Molasses Flood

Molasses used in the manufacture of alcohol & manufacturing explosives

Tank explodes (21 people killed, 100 injured)

Red Summer

-Race riots across the US (1919)

-One of the worst wars in Chicago

(White people terrorized the blacks many mobs)

Red Scare

-Fear that communists were taking over country

-Led to anti-immigrants feelings

Prohibition

-Making the manufacture of selling alcohol illegal

Henry Ford

-Manufacturing cars (Model T)

-He was antisemitic (Racist towards jews)

Marcys Garvey

-Black American Activist

-Establishing settlements in Africa

-Africans return back

Babe Ruth

-Big Sportstar of 1920’s

-Big Homerun hitter/ Pitcher (Boston Red Sox; NY Yankees

-Poor family

(HomeRuns- 54 1st year, 59 2nd year/ Branch Rickey coaches and didnt care about race)

Who Said “The business of America is business"?” What did this mean?

-Calvin Coolidge

-Priority of U.S business

Who were the first to protest and carry signs in front of the White House?

-Alice Paul and the National Woman’s Party

-Petitioned for voting rights (against woman suffrage)

What helped Henry Ford keep prices low on the Model T?

-Assembly line

-Simple to make

How many Model T cars could Ford produce in a day in the 1910s?

-4 cars a minute

-9,000-10,000 a day

How many Ford F-150s are made in a day today

-About 1000

Bull Market

-Stocks go up

-People buy more

-Prices rise because everyone expects better

Bear market

-Stocks go down

-People start selling

-Prices fall because everyone expects worse

Buying on the margin

-Borrowing money from broker

-To buy more stocks

Installment buying

-Monthly payment

(Kind of like a payment plan)

Stock Market Crash

-”Black Tuesday”

-Cause: Buying on margin, Overvalued stocks (Up-charge on stocks)

-People lost savings & banks failed

(MAJOR cause of great depression)

Bank Run

-Everyone takes money out of bank at same time

-Causes bank to collapse

Herbert Hoover (Republican)

-Pro business anti government regulations

-Created Reconstruction Finance Corporation (Use gov money to loan to the businesses)

-Opposed to financial support to poor (provided by gov)

-Unpopular because he is pessimistic

Bonus Army March

-Unemployed world war 1 veterans promised a bonus

-Protested because they never received it

Franklin D Roosevelt

-Elected 4 times

-Great depression

-Had polio

Election of 1932

-Roosevelt vs Hoover

-Roosevelt wins

(Hoover wasn’t successful during the great depression)

New Deal

-Roosevelt program to fight the Great Depression & WW2

First Hundred Days (Franklin Roosevelt Response)

*Possible essay question

-Showed care about poor people

-Bank Holiday (To show proof banks are stable to reopen; 5 days)

-FDIC (Even if bank closes gov promises some money back)

-SEA (Laws to regulate stock market)

-AAA (Raise crop prises)

-NRA (Partnership between industry and gov)

-CCC- Helped build state parks

(What the short cuts mean: Federal Department Insurance Corp, Securities Exchange Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Recovery Act, Civilian Conservation Core)

NRA (National Recovery Act)

-Partnership between Industry and Government

-Helps businesses hire more people(reasonable prices)

AAA ( Agricultural Adjustment Act)

-Try to raise crop prices

-Paid farmers not to plant certain crops

-Destroyed pigs

CCC (Civilian Conservation Core)

-Helped built state parks

-Young men (18-25)

-Reward: Fed, Paid, Provided with housing

(75% pay goes back to family)

Ocoee Masacre

-Election of 1920

-Black leaders in Ocoee went down to vote

-Lynching

(30-60 African Americans killed)

Election of 1936

-Roosvelt vs Landon

-Roosvelt wins by landslide

Second New Deal

-3 critics (Huey Long, Charles Couglin, Dr. Townsend)

-WPA (works progress administration) employed over 8 million people, built roads, parks, etc.

FDR’s big mistake

-Supreme Court Packing Scheme

-For any justice 70 or over that doesn’t retired, he will appoint a new justice

-Big fail

Wagner Act

-Unions have right to organize and establish collective bargaining.

Sit Down Strike

-(Flint Michigan) GM agreed to negotiate 1937

-Increased wages

What is fascism?

-Promising return to greatness or future greatness

-Mussolin- Greatness of Roman Empire

-Hitler- Third Reich

-Nationalism over individual rights

-Both based in Grievances of WWI

-Democracy is weak /Strong Leader

How many Russians did they think died because of Stalin

8-13 million

Reconstruction Era

13th Amendment

Slavery Gets abolished

14th Amendment

Born in U.S you are us - Greganator 2026

(Grants citizenship born in U.S)

15th Amendment

Allows colored (Men) to vote

Gilded Age

Chek previous quizlet attached

The 1920’s and 1930’s

Check Previous Quizlet attached

WWII and 1945-1964

Be able to name the three countries and their leaders that formed the Axis Powers

Axis Powers

Hitler (Germany)
Mussolini (Italy)

Tojo (Japan)