Exam 3 Review

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts in genetics and biochemistry for Exam 3.

Euchromatin

Loosely packed DNA that indicates active genes.

Heterochromatin

Tightly packed DNA that indicates inactive genes.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome, held together by a centromere.

Centromere

The region that holds sister chromatids together.

Kinetochore

The structure where spindle fibers attach to the chromosome.

Telomeres

Protective ends of DNA.

Promoter

The region where transcription starts.

Coding Region

The part of a gene that is transcribed and translated into protein.

Monocistronic

Type of prokaryotic gene where 1 gene corresponds to 1 protein.

Polycistronic

Type of prokaryotic gene where 1 RNA molecule encodes multiple proteins.

Coperons

Clusters of genes that are transcribed together in prokaryotes.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A method used to amplify DNA.

Sanger Sequencing

A method to read DNA sequences using ddNTPs.

Crispr

A tool for editing DNA by guiding RNA to a target DNA location.

Gel electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

Plasmids

Small circular DNA used for gene insertion; contains an origin of replication and antibiotic resistance.

Aldose

A type of sugar that contains an aldehyde group.

Ketose

A type of sugar that contains a ketone group.

Enantiomers

Molecules that are mirror images of each other.

Diastereomers

Molecules that are not mirror images and differ at more than one carbon.

Epimers

Diastereomers that differ at only one carbon.

Anomeric Carbon

The carbon atom in a sugar that is a new chiral center formed on ring closure.

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.