The Giant EHAP Review Outline

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts discussed in the lecture, focusing on significant historical movements, figures, and ideologies.

The Renaissance

A period known as the rebirth of culture, emphasizing the revival of ancient culture, particularly from Ancient Greece and Rome.

Humanism

An essential element of the Renaissance; a philosophy that glorified human achievements and emphasized the importance of this life over the afterlife.

Civic Humanism

A subdivision of humanism that advocated for participation in public affairs as essential for human development.

The Courtier

A book by Baldassare Castiglione that became a manual of proper behavior for gentlemen and ladies.

The Decameron

A collection of short stories by Boccaccio that is considered the first prose masterpiece in Italian literature.

Simony

The sale of Church positions, leading to corruption where individuals were appointed for economic motives rather than spiritual ones.

Indulgences

The practice of selling forgiveness for sins, which became a major source of income for the Church.

Justification by Faith

Luther's principle that faith alone, not good works or sacraments, is necessary for salvation.

Consubstantiation

Lutheran belief that, during communion, the substance of the bread and wine coexists with the body and blood of Christ.

The Diet of Worms

A council where Martin Luther was asked to recant his writings but refused, leading to his excommunication.

The Appeal of Protestantism

The attractiveness of Reformation ideas to various social classes, particularly due to messages of equality and personal interpretation of faith.

Franco-Prussian War

A conflict that united Germany under Prussian leadership, culminating in the declaration of the German Empire in 1871.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason, skepticism, and individual rights.

Laissez-Faire Economics

An economic philosophy advocating minimal governmental intervention in the economy, led by thinkers like Adam Smith.

The Great War for Empire

A global conflict that included the French and Indian War, highlighting the rivalry between France and England.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

The Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 uprising in Russia that led to the establishment of a communist government under Lenin.

Nuremberg Laws

Racial laws enacted in Nazi Germany that aimed to exclude Jews from public life and restrict their rights.

The Paris Commune

A radical socialist government that briefly ruled Paris in 1871, symbolizing working-class power but ultimately crushed by the French government.

The Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

The Crimean War

A conflict from 1853 to 1856 between Russia and an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia, highlighting the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Realpolitik

The politics of reality; a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic depression in the 1930s that led to widespread unemployment and hardship.

The Dreyfus Affair

A political scandal in France culminating in public outcry over anti-Semitism and military injustice.