APLANG Terminology Quiz

rhetoric

the many ways authors use language to convey meaning

synthesize

use information from multiple informational (research) sources

analyze

explain how an author uses language to accomplish a purpose, to convey meaning, or to create an effect

argue

present a variety of convincing evidence to support a point, take a side, or make a judgement

Aristotle

ancient Greek philosopher who laid the foundation for the study of rhetoric. defined three appeals

appeal

a method of persuasion in writing and speaking

logos

appeal made through logic and reasoning

ethos

an appeal made to the shared values of the speaker and audience- the credibility (believability) of the writer or speaker)

rhetoric

the study of how speakers use language to convey meaning, with a focus on persuasion

rhetor

the writer or speaker

rhetorical situation

circumstances in which writing occurs, six parts

exigence, purpose, audience, context, writer(rhetor), message

exigence

that which inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts a writer to create a text

purpose

what the writer hopes to accomplish with the piece of writing

audience

the specific people the writer intends to reach; has both shared and individual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds

context

the time, place, and occasion; the historical, social, psychological, or emotional “climate” in which the writing occurs

writer

(rhetor)

to achieve a purpose, _____ make choices in an attempt to relate to an intended audience’s emotions and values

message

the argument or perspective the writer intends to convey

allusion

a reference to a well-known story, song, work of art, etc

anaphora

repetition at the beginning of sentences

anecdote

brief story used to illustrate a point

antithesis

examination of opposites

claim/assertion

the writer or speaker’s main point or argument

cumulative

stating the main idea first, followed by supporting evidence

diction

an author’s specific word choice

juxtaposition

the act of placing ideas “side by side”, so to speak, in order to compare and contrast them

metonymy

using a single aspect to refer to a larger idea

ex: saying “the crown” to refer to royalty

parallelism

similarity in grammatical structure

periodic

introducing a set of evidence first, followed by the main idea or point

syntax

covers the wide variety of ways to arrange words into phrases, sentences, and paragraphs

tone

attitude or emotion expressed through the writing or speaking

Pathos

An appeal made to one’s emotion