Types of cells

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Prokaryotic cells

Simple, primitive cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells

More complex cells that have a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a variety of internal compartments.

Surface area-to-volume ratio

The ratio of a cell's surface area to its volume, which affects the efficiency of cellular processes such as nutrient exchange and waste removal.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound compartment that houses the cell's genetic material (chromosomes).

Cell wall

A rigid structure surrounding plant cells, made of cellulose, that provides structural support and protection.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll for capturing sunlight.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles filled with enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Centrioles

Structures in animal cells involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.

Turgor pressure

The pressure exerted by the central vacuole against the cell wall in plant cells, helping maintain cell shape and rigidity.