Chemistry: Matter and Atomic Structure

Flashcards covering key concepts related to matter, atomic structure, and subatomic particles.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where all components are in the same phase.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture of substances in two different phases that can be separated by gravity.

Subatomic particle

Particles that make up an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, and is positively charged.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers due to a variation in the number of neutrons.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Quantum

A distinct packet of energy; the basic unit of light, also known as a photon.

Bohr model

An early model of the atom in which electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun.

Orbital

The region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron.

Effective nuclear charge

The net positive charge experienced by valence electrons, calculated by subtracting the number of inner-shell electrons from the total number of protons.