exam4

Limbic system

Controls emotions and memory

Nociception

Pain signal process in body

Steps of nociception

Transduction transmission perception modulation

C fibers

Slow dull pain

A-delta fibers

Sharp fast pain

Pain awareness

Occurs in parietal lobe

Pain blockers

Endorphins serotonin norepinephrine GABA

Norepinephrine

Alertness and fight or flight

Serotonin

Mood sleep appetite

Dopamine

Reward and pleasure

Histamine

Wakefulness and immune response

Acetylcholine

Memory and muscle movement

GABA

Calms brain activity

Affect

Visible emotion

Anhedonia

No pleasure

Blunted affect

Low emotion

CAGE AID

Screens alcohol use

CAGE letters

Cut Annoyed Guilty Eye opener

CIWA

Checks alcohol withdrawal severity

Suicide scale

Checks suicide risk

Short-term memory

5 to 10 minute recall

Long-term memory

Past memory recall

MMSE

Checks mental status

MOCA

Checks cognitive function

3 D assessment

Delirium dementia depression

Anxiety

No clear cause

Depression risk

Females 25 to 44

Pain

Unpleasant feeling from damage

Gate control theory

Gate opens or closes for pain signals

Nociceptive pain

From body tissues

Neuropathic pain

From nerve damage

Referred pain

Pain felt somewhere else

Phantom pain

Pain in missing limb

Cutaneous pain

Skin pain

Visceral pain

Organ pain

Pain threshold

When pain starts

Pain tolerance

Max pain handled

Anthropometric

Body measurements

Biochemical tests

Lab nutrition tests

Calorie sources

Carbs protein fat

Energy use

Calories burned daily

Energy intake

Calories eaten daily

Calorie balance

Gain or loss depends on intake vs use

3500 kcal

1 pound fat

Body water

70 percent in cells

Water needs

2.5 to 3 liters daily

Carb needs

130 grams daily

Protein role

Growth and repair

Fat energy

9 kcal per gram

Protein percent

12 to 20 percent calories

Fat limit

Less than 7 percent saturated fat

Cholesterol limit

Less than 300 mg daily

Cachexia

Severe weight and muscle loss

Healthy BMI

19 to 24.9