LJM AP 1.18 - vertebral column and back (copy)

Pink

Vertebral arch

pink

Spinous process

Pink

Lamina

Pink

Transverse process

pink

Pedicle

red

vertebral foramen

pink

Vertebral body

Circled

Intervertebral foramen

What type of vertebra is this

Cervical vertebra

What type of vertebra is this

Thoracic vertebra

What type of vertebra is this

Lumbar vertebra

red

Transverse foramen

What bone is this

Atlas/C1

What bone is this

Axis/C2

Which region of the vertebra is this likely to be in

C3-C6

Which vertebra is this

C7

What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

What muscle is this

Trapezius

What is the nerve supply of trapezius

CN 11/Spinal accessory spinal nerve

What is highlighted

Ligamentum nuchae

What does the trapezius extend from and attach to

Occipital bone, lower thoracic vertebra and spine of scapula

What muscle is this

Latissimus dorsi

What does the latissimus dorsi attach to

Humerus biccipital groove

What is the latissimus dorsi nerve supply

Thoracodorsal nerve

What muscle is this

Levator scapulae

What muscle is this

Rhomboid minor

What muscle is this

Rhomboid major

What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply

Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

What muscle is this

Serratus posterior superior

What muscle is this

Serratus posterior inferior

What movement does the trapezius do

Elevation of the scapula, retraction of the scapula, depression of scapula

What movement does latissimus dorsi do

Adduction, medial rotation, extension at shoulder

What movement does levator scapulae do

Elevation, lateral neck flexion, neck extension

What movement does rhomboid major do

Retraction of scapula

What movement does rhomboid minor do

Retraction of scapula

What movement does serratus posterior inferior do

Depresses ribs

What movement does serratus posterior superior do

Elevates ribs

What bone is this

Occipital bone

What is the dark blue circle

Foramen magnum

What is highlighted

Occipital condyles

What is pink

Mastoid process

What is highlighted green

Atlanto-occipital joint

What movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow for

Flexion and extension of neck

What is highlighted green

Atlantoaxial joint

What is highlighted green

Zygapophyseal joints

What is highlighted green

Median atlantoaxial joint

What movement does the median atlantoaxial joint help with

Rotation

What is highlighted green

Transverse ligament of the atlas

What is highlighted

Cruciform ligament

What is highlighted

Alar ligament

What is highlighted

Apical ligament of dens

What is highlighted

Annulus fibrosus

What is highlighted

Nucleus pulposus

Where does a herniated disc usually occur

L4/L5, L5/S1

What is highlighted

Anterior longitudinal ligament

What is highlighted

Posterior longitudinal ligament

What is highlighted

Interspinous ligament

What muscle is this

Splenius capitis

What muscle is this

Longissimus capitis

What muscle is this

Longissimus cervicis/colli

What is highlighted

Superior costal facet/superior demifacet

What is highlighted

Inferior costal facet/inferior demifacet

What is highlighted

Transverse costal facet

What are the holes

Anterior sacral foramina

What is highlighted dark blue

Posterior sacral foramina

pink

Median sacral crest

Arrow

Sacral hiatus

Green

Promontory

Green

Ala of sacrum

What is highlighted yellow

Thoracolumbar fascia

What are the intrinsic back muscles responsible for structure wise

Vertebral column

What are the spinotransversales muscles

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

What are the erector spinae muscles

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

What movement do the left and right splenius muscles do together

Extension of the neck

What movement does the splenius muscle do alone

Rotation of head

What is highlighted

Iliocostalis

What is highlighted

Longissimus

What is highlighted

Spinalis

What movement does the erector spinae group do

Extension of spine, rotate spine

What are the erector spinae muscles innervated by

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

What groups are involved in the transversospinales group

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

What group of muscles is this

Semispinalis

What group of muscles is this

Multifidus

What group of muscles are these

Rotatores

What movement do transversospinales muscles do

Extension and rotation of spine

What are these muscles

Levatores costarium

What muscle

Anterior scalene

What muscle

Middle scalene

What muscle

Posterior scalene

What does anterior and middle scalene attach to

First rib

What does posterior scalene attach to

2nd rib

What muscle is highlighted

Longus colli/longus cervicis

What muscle is highligted

Longus capitis

What movement do longus capitis and longus colli do when they contract bilaterally and unilaterally

Flexion movement at next (bilaterally), rotation (unilaterally)

What muscle

Psoas major

What muscle

Quadratus lumborum

What does psoas major originate from and attach to

Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Attachement: Lesser trochanter of femur

What does quadratus lumborum originate from and attach to

Origin: iliac crest

Attachment: Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and 12th rib

Green

Groove for subclavian artery