Biology Ch1 and 2 Study Guide

For test

Helicobacter pylori

Causes stomach ulcers

Energy

The capacity to do work

Metabolism

The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or organism.

Catabolism

processes in the body that involve breaking things down

Anabolism

Processes in the body that involve building things up

Homeostasis

A constant internal environment / balance of the internal environment

Photosythesis

Making energy using light

Gene

A portion of the DNA molecule that carries the code for one specific protein.

Mutation

A permanent change in the DNA

Which is not one of the three domains?

Protista

Cells that have a nucleus and nuclear membrane

Eukaryotic cells

Which is not one of the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Bacteria

Steps of the scientific method.

OHPER

Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Reject/Fail to Reject Hypothesis

Placebo

Fake medication

Double-Blind Study

Neither the technicians nor the participants know who is receiving the placebo / real treatment.

What did Doctors Marshall and Warren prove?

H. Pylori bacteria can cause gastrointestinal ulcers.

Biodiversity

The total number and relative abundance of species, along with the variability of their genes and the different ecosystems in which they live.

Emerging disease

Diseases relatively new to humans

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Element

Matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.

Atom

Smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of said element.

Subatomic particle with a positive charge

Proton

Subatomic particle with a negative charge

Electron

Subatomic particle with a neutral charge

Neutron

Subatomic particle found outside the nucleus

Electrons

Subatomic particle found inside the nucleus

Neutrons, Protons

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus

Atomic Mass

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom

Isotope

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Carbon-14

The only radioactive isotope of Carbon

Radioactivity

When the nucleus of an atom becomes unstable and decays into lighter elements.

Radioisotope

A unstable or radioactive isotope

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

Compound

A molecule containing 2 or more different elements

What holds an ionic bond together?

Attraction of opposite charges

Valence electrons

Electrons in the outermost orbitals of an atom

Covalent Bond

Bond held together by sharing valence electrons

pH above 7

Basic / Alkaline

pH below 7

Acidic

pH exactly 7

Neutral

Ion

Atom or piece of a molecule with a positive or negative charge

Cation

Positive Ion

Anion

Negative Ion

Single bond

When one pair of valence electrons are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

Double bond

When two pairs of valence electrons are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

Triple Bond

When three pairs of valence electrons are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

Hydrogen Bonding

Attraction between hydrogen and another polar molecule

Polar Molecule

A molecule with a partial positive portion and a partial negative portion.

Solvent

Dissolves something else (water)

Solute

Dissolved in something else (Salt)

Hydrophilic

Attracted to water

Hydrophobic

Resistant to water