Theology

The 11th and 12th century papal reforms resulted in a major concentration of power on ---- and the ----

Rome and the pope

One major tool of reform is -----, which was Europes first complete international law

Canon Law

By the time of Callixtus II, the papal court had become a universal court of -----, and ----

First instance and appeal

Callixtus II began using the cardinals as ------

bureacrats

The major issue of ----- was -----

Lateran 1123, resolving Investiture contreversy

The most powerful Pope in history was ----

pope innocent III

Innocent the III believed that popes have supreme authority in both ----- and ----

spirtual and royal

He argued all other authorites had partial authority but the pope had the ----

fullness of power

Innocent III combated heretical extremists with orthodox versions of their ideas, like the ----- and -----

Dominicans, Franciscans

Possibly the msot successful reform council in history is ----

Lateran IV, 1215

Gregory IX's pontificate centers on his uncles idea that to the pope belongs the -----

fullness of power

Gregory IX cements the idea that only the pope can declare someone -----

a saint

Gregory IX first made investigation of sainthood a -----

medico-legal inquiry

What is definition of inquisition? --------

traveling judges with authority to investigate heresy

In ----, Gregory IX publishes the ----, the complete codification of canon law, which held good until 1918.

1234, Decretals

Boniface VIII's famous physical symbol of the pope's supreme authority was his -----

papal authority

Boniface VIII wrote ------- in ----- to assert papal power over Phillip, King of France

unam sanctum, 1302

Boniface VIII says the church has "--- -----" a ---- and ----

two swords, spiritual and temporal

In Boniface VIII's conception, all power is exercised for the church ; material power by ---- and ---- and spiritual power by ----

kings and soldiers, priest

"We declare state define and pronounce that it is all together necessary for salvation for every human creature to be subject to the -----"

the roman pontiff

the rise of absolute monarchs from the 16th c on resulted in a corresponding decline in ----

the papacy

In the 18th century catholic rulers increasingly argued that the supreme teaching authority in thier kingdoms was ----

the monarch

clement XIV suppression of -----, in 1773 was a capitulation to the political authorities of the day

jesuits

Leo argues that the popes teaching and moral correction is ----- words

Peters

Gregory says peter is both a member of the universal church and the ----

prince of the apostles

Pius IX was the first pope to distribute of an official ----- and first emphasized popular devotion to the person of --- -----

portrait, the pope

The vatican I decree Pastor Aeternus, passed in -----, defines -----

1870, papal infallibility

Paster aeternus defines the pope as the principal of unity in ---- and ----

faith and unity

Pastor aeternus says that the pope has full power to govern the church, but makes no claim to govern the ----

state

The pope speaks infallibly when speaking ex cathedra to all christians on matters of ---- and ----

faith and morals

The ---- is a papl teaching document that begins to be written in the mid 18th century

encyclical

Leo XIII wrote how many encyclicals which helped establish the genre

86

In rerum novaram, Leo XIII taught that the state has an obligation to provide just conditions for ----

workers

The ---- is the definitive teaching authority of the church

magisterium

Paul VI's 1968 document humane vitae declares that ----- violates natural and divine law

contraceptives

Humane vitae establishes that the church has both ----- and the ---- to teach on matters of sexuality

competency and duty

Humae vitae teaches that the ----- and ----- ends of marriage cant be seperated

unitive and procreative

Paul VI emphasizes that human beings do not have ----- over the bodies

unlimited dominion

humane vitae says its teaching requires ----- ---- from christians

sincere obedience

The avignon papcy lasted from --- to ----

1309 to 1377

In 1378, the cardinals elect ---- who promptly became violent and persecutorial

Urban 6th

Later in 1378, the same cardinals elected a second pope -----, who sets up in ----

Clement 7th, Avignon

The Great western schism lasts all told from ---- to ----

1378 to 1417

"Concilarism is the heretical idea that the fullness of power in the church resides with ---- and not with ---

councils, popes

The major problem with the popes after the Great western schism was that they locked ----

moral authority

Generally, the reinessance popes prioritzed ----- their own families , vices, or aesthetics over the goods of the church

Private concerns

Paul II gave chunks of papl states to ----, to who he greatly favored

sons

Paul II was profoundly commited to peronal and institutional reform supporting men like ----- founder of ----

Ignatius of Loyola , Jesuits

The council of trent had three major goals, refute error, clarify teachings, and practical reform

Why did the schism happen?

Urban 6 was elected by force and intimidation. Nobody approved so Clement 7th was elected aswell, and this led to a division in the Church known as the Western Schism.

What year and council did Urban II start crusades

1095, Council of Claremont

When the tusclum family tries to bribe another family member into the papacy in 1058, Peter Damien

Refuses to consecrate him as Pope

Peter Damian leads a reform group to elect Nicholas II in 1059, who is accepted in Rome with

Imperial Support

Nicholas II passes legislation reserving papal election to —- at (what, when)

Cardinals; Lateran Synod, 1059

cardinals are special helpers of the pope, historically associated with the management of - and its environments

Rome

Gregory believed the pope could depose —- and absolve subjects of —-

Emperors and obedience to their ruler

Two tools of reform and holiness Gregory reccomends to a pious laywomen are :

Eucharist and Virgin mary

Gregory’s chief virtie is —- to christ’s authority

obedience

Urban II put —- in many powerful positions, using them as tools for reform

Monks

Urban II is the first to organize the papal household into a —— with —— in the most important offices

Curia , cardinals

Urbans II reforms assist Church authority without coming into conflict with —-

royal power