Later F.P.

Why was Scotland a major concern

Auld Alliance

Risked a northern invasion

Key events that weakened Scotland

Battle of Solway Moss (1542):

1k Scots captured

7 English deaths

James V death - left infant, Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne

Treaty of Greenwich

1543

Proposed marriage between Edward + Mary to unite England + Scotland

Establishment of peace

Scottish nobles rejected it
Religious differences + loyalty to France

What was the “Rough Wooing”

1544 to Henry’s death - brutal raids

Including burning Edinburgh

Force Scottish compliance for previous treaty

Overall in Scotland - moderately

Success:
Prevented full Franco-Scottish invasion
Demonstrated military strength
Weakened Scotland

Failure:
Auld Alliance continued
Marriage offer failed
War was expensive - contributed to coin debasement (decrease 50% silver)

3rd Anglo-French War

1544-46

Captured Boulogne

Charles V abandoned him - signed peace with France, 1544

Left him isolated

Cost of French war

£2 mil

Enormous financial burden

Funded by borrowing
Selling monastic land
Debasement of coinage - caused inflation

Consequences of French War

Treaty of Ardres (1546)

Allowed Henry to keep Boulogne temporarily

Overall judgement for French War?

Limited success

Huge financial cost

Little long-term benefit

Overall Later F.P.

Ambitious but flawed

Achieved short-term prestige + security

Ultimately failed to deliver lasting strategic success

Left England financially weakened - pursuit of glory often outweighed practical considerations