EXAM 4 Male Reproductive system

primary sex organ

testes

male characteristics due to testosterone

facial hair

body hair

muscular

somatic cells

body cell

2N diploid number of chromosomes which is 23 pairs

autosomes

22 pairs

gives physical features(hair, eyes, height) and metabolism

final pair of chromosomes are

xx or xy

who decides gender of child

males

4 different homologous structures

1. penis is homologous to clitoris

2. scrotum is homologous to labia minora and majora

3. testis is homolgous to ovary

4. vas deferens is homologous to fallopian tube

5 steps of sperm transport

1. testis

2. epididymis

3. vas deferens

4. ejaculatory duct

5. urethra

2 external structures

testes and scrotum

spermatic cord

connecting structure between abdominal cavity and testis

inguinal ring

weak point in abdominal wall

hernia happens in

inguinal ring

testis needs to go out of the body to regulate

body temperature

testis temperature

1.5 C or 3 F below body temperature

2 muscles that position testis and maintain temperature

cremaster muscle- surrounds spermatic cord (pull)

dartos muscle- in scrotum (push)

pampiniform plexus

surrounds testicular artery

removes heat so testis is at proper temperature

meshwork

two layers of testes

tunica albuginea-inner layer that surrounds testis

tunica vaginalis- outer layer (testis + epididymis)

Seminiferous tubule

function unit of sperm production

nurse cells/Sertoli cells

inside seminiferous tubule

promote development of sperm

leydig/interstitial cells

in testis but outside seminiferous tubule

secretes testosterone

newly formed sperm

locate in periphery of seminiferous tubule and migrates to lumen

tubule lumen

once sperm gets to lumen it travels to epididymis

Rete testis

connects seminiferous tubule to epididymis

function of ductus deferens

transport

sperm in epididymis

stored and mature after coming from rete testis

vas deferens + Seminal vesicle =

ejaculatory duct

vas deferens loop around ureter and empty into

prostate and urethra

3 accessory glands

seminal vesicle-sugars (energy for sperm)

prostate- buffering sperm

bulbourethral gland- cawpers/ lubrication

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

non cancerous enlargement of prostate

compresses urethra

increases bladder infection

prostate cancer

PSA- prostate specific antigen

slow growing

doesn’t effect urine flow

3 cavities of penis

1 corpus spongiosum- houses urethra

2 corpora cavernosa- blood supply/erection

FSH

stimulates nurse cells

sperm development

LH

stimulates leydig cells

testosterone production

ways to increase testosterone

lifting weights

gaining muscle

mitosis

1 division

46 chromosomes

DNA replication

2n diploid cells

46 chromosomes is called

2n diploid

meiosis

2 cell division

23 chromosomes

making sperm and egg

4 haploid cells

23 chromosomes

4 haploid

meiosis 1

primary to secondary spermatocyte

meiosis 2

secondary spermatocyte to spermatid=

3 regions of sperm cell

head- DNA +acrosome(enzyme)

body- mitochondria (sugars of seminal vesicle is used)

tail- flagellum/motility of sperm

nucleus contains

haploid set of chromosomes

semen percentages

60% seminal vesicle fluid

30% prosaic fluid

10% sperm and spermatic duct

normal sperm count

50 to 120 million/mL

lower than 20 to 25 million mL is sign for

infertility

prostatic fluid buffers vaginal acidity from pH of

3.5 to 7.5

seminal vesicles provide fructose to

mitochondria of sperm for ATP production