Floriculture General Knowledge

A plant with two seed leaves is called a monocot.

False

____ is a process designed to promote branching

Pinching

In horticulture, the term PPM means

A. Pest production management

B. Parts per million

C. Parts per meter

D. Plant propagation managemen

B. Parts per million

Ikebana is a floral style developed from the ________________________ culture.

A. Chinese

B. Korean

C. Thai

D. Japanese

D. Japanese

Disbudding is a process designed to promote branching.

False

Azaleas like a pH of about 4.5 to 5.0

True

Yellow’s complementary color is

Purple

Horticulture and agronomy are basically the same thing.

False

A floral design with only one flower color is an example of a(n) ____________________ color

scheme.
A. Analogous

B. Monotone

C. Monochromatic

D. Achromatic

C. Monochromatic

The stigma and style are part of the male reproductive parts of a flower

False

A cubic yard of potting soil contains 9 cubic feet.

False

When processing cut flowers, the water should be at a temperature close to

A. 70-80 F

B. 100-110 F

C. 120-145 F

D. About 34 F

B. 100-110 F

The best pH for cut flowers is

A. 3.0-4.5

B. 7.0

C. 5.0-8.0

D. 4.0-6.0

A. 3.0-4.5

A tint is a color made when you add black to another color.

False

Which type of balance is used to create an informal floral design?

A. Symmetrical balance

B. Radial balance

C. Asymmetrical balance

D. Non-balanced

C. Asymmetrical balance

The first step in seed germination is

A. Imbibition

B. Planting

C. Sprouting

D. Emergence

A. Imbibition

A perfect flower is

A. One with petals

B. One with male and female sexual parts

C. One with petals and pistils

D. One with a stigma and styl

B. One with male and female sexual parts.

Which of the following is not a required micronutrient?

A. Silicon

B. Molybdenum

C. Manganese

D. Chlorine

A. Silicon

What does IPM stand for?

A. Intelligent pest management

B. International pest management

C. Insect and pest management

D. Integrated pest management

D. Integrated pest management

“Double potting” is used when a decorative container ___________________.

A. Does not have drainage holes

B. Tips over too easily

C. May freeze crack

D. Is not heavy enough to hold the plant uprigh

A. Does not have drainage holes

Which of the following is the best way to control ethylene production?

A. Keep fresh fruit out of the flower cooler

B. Add Ethyl-Bloc® to the cut flowers

C. Keep flowers away from open flames and exhaust

D. All of the above are methods to control ethylene

D. All of the above are methods to control ethylene

Which of the following is the finest gauge of wire?

A. 22 gauge

B. 24 gauge

C. 18 gauge

D. 26 gauge

D. 26 gauge

The best way to water most plants is to

A. Water a little bit each day to make sure it never gets dry

B. Water it once a week, every week

C. Wait until it wilts, then add a lot of water

D. Wait until the soil surface is dry and then water thoroughly

D. Wait until the soil surface is dry and then water thoroughly

Negative DIF is used in a greenhouse to

A. Cause flowers to bloom more quickly

B. Initiate flowering in poinsettias

C. Control stem elongation

D. Reduce pest population

C. Control stem elongation

Harmony in a floral arrangement refers to

A. The visual and actual stability of an arrangement

B. The pleasing combination of all of the elements in an arrangement

C. The repeated use of certain flowers or textures

D. The major point of emphasis in an arrangement

B. The pleasing combination of all of the elements in an arrangement

The process by which C6H12O6 and O2 are converted to energy is called

A. Respiration

B. Cytokinesis

C. Photosynthesis

D. Photomorphogenesis

A. Respiration

The varying textures of flowers and foliages are heightened in an all-white bouquet, which is

sometimes called

A. Monochromatic

B. Analogous

C. Textural

D. Achromatic

D. Achromatic

_________________________ is a technique used in cut flower production to produce sprays of

flowers.

A. Pinching

B. DIF

C. Disbudding

D. Heading back

A. Pinching

______________________ in a floral arrangement can be enhanced by mixing warm and cool

colors.

A. Depth

B. Balance

C. Rhythm

D. Balance

A. Depth

When a commercial floral preservative is unavailable, adding __________________ can help to

preserve flowers.

A. Lemon-lime soda

B. Table sugar

C. Mouthwash

D. Both a and c

D. Both a and c

Which of the following is not a required micronutrient?

A. Zinc

B. Copper

C. Cobalt

D. Chlorine

C. Cobalt

Which of the following is the heaviest gauge of wire?

A. 22 gauge

B. 24 gauge

C. 18 gauge

D. 26 gauge

C. 18 gauge

When a commercial floral preservative is unavailable, adding __________________ can help to

preserve flowers.

A. Lemon-lime soda

B. Table sugar

C. Mouthwash

D. Both a and c

D. Both a and c

. ____________________ is a technique used to further enhance the focal point.

A. Framing

B. Line direction

C. Spacing

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

he best method to wet floral foam is to

A. Quickly submerge the block

B. Allow the block to float freely

C. Spray the block with water

D. Wet the block after the arrangement is done so you don’t make a mes

B. Allow the block to float freely

A triadic color scheme can be created with the following colors

A. Purple, yellow and green

B. Red, orange and yellow

C. Purple, orange and green

D. Green, blue and red

C. Purple, orange and green

The term corolla refers to all of the ____________ , collectively

A. Petals

B. Sepals

C. Stamens

D. Necatries

A. Petals

Which of the following flowers is irregular?

A. Mum

B. Rose

C. Sweet pea

D. Gerbera Daisy

C. Sweet pea

When does respiration occur?

A. Only when temperatures are above 40 F

B. All of the time

C. Only during the day

D. Only at nigh

B. All of the time

Which of the following is NOT a group of plant pigments?

A. Cyanoids

B. Anthocyanins

C. Carotenoids

D. Xanthopylls

A. Cyanoids

______________________ are hormones that control phototropisms and geotropisms.

A. Auxins

B. Giberellins

C. Ethylenes

D. Cytokinins

A. Auxins

The terminal bud is often removed from flower spikes in order to _________________________

in cut flowers.

A. Reduce ethylene production

B. Increase vase life

C. Decrease tropic responses

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Proper packing techniques for fresh flowers include

A. Precooling

B. Using hampers to hold flowers upright

C. Individual boxing

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Wreaths and garlands are characteristic of which two periods?

A. Greek and Baroque

B. Greek and Roman

C. Baroque and Roman

D. Roman and Renaissance

B. Greek and Roman

Tussie-mussies or nosegays were common during the ________________________.

A. English-Georgian Period

B. French Period

C. Greek Period

D. Roman Period

A. English-Georgian Period

A flower that contains only the male sexual organs is

A. Pistillate

B. Complete

C. Staminate

D. Effeminate

C. Staminate

The proportional discovery based on a progression of numbers where each number in the series

is the sum of the two preceding numbers is the

A. Golden section

B. Golden rectangle

C. Golden rule

D. Golden mean

A. Golden section

This part of a lily flower is often removed to prevent pollen staining.

A. Stigma

B. Style

C. Filament

D. Anther

D. Anther

Which of the following is a form flower?

A. Chrysanthemum

B. Bird of Paradise

C. Baby’s Breath

D. Scotch heathe

B. Bird of Paradise

Line direction is also important. __________________________ lines suggest power and strength and give a feeling of formality and dignity.

A. Vertical

B. Horizontal

C. Serpentine

D. Diagonal

A. Vertical

The best way to divide floral foam block is to

A. Break it in two with your hands

B. Cut it with a knife

C. Cut it with scissors

D. Cut it with piano wire

B. Cut it with a knife

Which of the following is NOT an inflorescence type?

A. Spike

B. Panicle

C. Embolism

D. Cyme

C. Embolism

Most chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs) work by counteracting the influence of which plant hormone?

A. Jasmonates

B. Flavanols

C. Gibberellins

D. Cytokinins

C. Gibberellins

The plant macronutrients are

A. Phosphorus, Calcium and Nitrogen

B. Potassium, Phosphorus and Calcium

C. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Iron

D. Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Potassium

D. Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Potassium

A triadic color scheme can be created with the following colors

A. Red, yellow and blue

B. Red, orange and yellow

C. Purple, yellow and orange

D. Green, blue and red

A. Red, yellow and blue

The petals collectively are called the

A. Corolla

B. Corona

C. Calyx

D. Receptacle

A. Corolla

Which of the following flowers has a spadix inflorescence?

A. Bird of paradise

B. Rose

C. Anthurium

D. Protea

C. Anthurium

Which of the following is NOT a group of plant pigments?

A. Cytosols

B. Anthocyanins

C. Carotenoids

D. Flavonols

A. Cytosols

______________________ are hormones that delay senescence and promote cell division.

A. Auxins

B. Giberellins

C. Ethylene

D. Cytokinins

D. Cytokinins

The terminal bud is often removed from flower spikes in order to _________________________

in cut flowers.

A. Reduce ethylene production

B. Increase vase life

C. Decrease tropic responses

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A method of applying pesticides that can be effectively used in greenhouses, but not out of doors is

A. Fumigation

B. Fogging

C. Vaporizing.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The part of the plant stem that produces all new cells is the _____________.

A. Heartwood

B. Xylem

C. Phloem

D. Cambium

D. Cambium

Auxins and gibberellic acid are hormones in plants that promote growth through _____________.

a. Cell division

b. Cell enlargement

c. Cell specialization

d. Cell protection

b. Cell enlargement

The amount of light a plant receives greatly influences root growth, shoot growth, and flowering. The highest quality greenhouse plants need ________________ foot candles of light per day?

a. 500-1,000

b. 2,000-3,000

c. 4,000-6,000

d. 7,000-8,00

c. 4,000-6,000

Botrytis often presents itself on flowers as gray mold. This disease is caused by a(an) _________.

a. Fungus

b. Virus

c. Bacteria

d. Environmental Condition

a. Fungus

Most plants grow best in the 40-80 percent relative ______________ range. This is the amount of moisture that is contained in the air surrounding the plant.

a. Foot candles

b. Particles

c. Humidity

d. Dew point

c. Humidity

The process of ____________ is when a plant loses water through stomata.

a. Transduction

b. Translocation

c. Transpiration

d. None of the above

c. Transpiration

____________ is when a plant secretes a substance to inhibit growth of another plant.

a. Allelopathy

b. Anthesis

c. Transcription

d. Translation

a. Allelopathy

______________ is the development of a plant from a speed or a spore.

a. Scarification

b. Stratification

c. Vernalization

d. Germination

d. Germination

Most indoor foliage plants need which kind of lighting?

a. Direct sunlight

b. Bright indirect light

c. Medium light

d. Bright light

b. Bright indirect light

Most fungal diseases grow best in ________________.

a. Dry, arid air

b. Low moisture conditions

c. High moisture conditions

d. Seasons with drought

c. High moisture conditions

During respiration, plants ___________________.

a. Use the sun’s energy

b. Produce sugars

c. Use oxygen

d. Form complex compound

c. Use oxygen

________________ seeding is when seeds are sown in a separate place from where the plants will eventually grow to maturity.

a. Direct

b. Sideways

c. Indirect

d. Top

c. Indirect

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that _______________ green light giving plants their green color.

a. Reflect

b. Absorb

c. Produce

d. Create

a. Reflect

When dealing with plant diseases, there must be _________ things present for any plant disease to form.

a. One

b. Two

c. Three

d. Four

c. Three

Grasshoppers begin their life cycle as an egg, transition into a larva, and change into an adult. This would be classified as _____________ metamorphosis.

a. Complete

b. Incomplete

c. Holometabolous

d. Ametabolous

b. Incomplete

As a grower, you want to use “soft” pesticides for plant pest control. Which group below includes “soft” pesticides?

a. Fungicides, bactericides, insect growth regulators

b. Insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils

c. Horticulture oils, insecticidal soaps, insecticides

d. Miticides, insecticidal soaps, horticulture oils

b. Insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils

_____________ insecticides are pesticides that are translocated throughout the plant and kill any insects that feed on the plant.

a. Insecticidal Soaps

b. Horticultural Oils

c. Botanical

d. Systemic

d. Systemic

Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is commonly used to:

a. Control insects

b. Control diseases

c. Raise soil pH

d. Promote rooting of cuttings

d. Promote rooting of cuttings

______________ is the process of softening or breaking a seed coat in order to overcome seed dormancy.

a. Scarification

b. Stratification

c. Ratification

d. Augmentation

a. Scarification

Cytokinins are responsible for cell division and differentiation in the plant. Cytokinins are produced in what plant part?

a. Lateral shoots

b. Roots

c. Terminal shoots

d. Cambium

b. Roots

Which of the following is not a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator?

a. Ethylene

b. Anthocyanin

c. Abscisic acid

d. Gibberellin

b. Anthocyanin

Plants are divided into C3 and C4 groups. C4 plants are differentiated from C3 plants by which of the following?

a. C4 plants flower in shades of red whereas C3 plants do not

b. C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate

c. C4 plants are not as efficient at using carbon dioxide

d. C4 plants cannot function as well under high temperature and light conditions

b. C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate

Agrobacerium tumefaciens is a pathogen that is commonly known as:

a. Crown gall

b. Flower distortion

c. Clorotic Mottle

d. None of the above

a. Crown gall

Soil pH is based on the concentration of _______________ ions in the soil.

a. Calcium

b. Hydrogen

c. Oxygen

d. Sulfur

b. Hydrogen

The waxy coating, called the ______________, serves to prevent excess water loss from the leaf tissues.

a. Axil

b. Blade

c. Cuticle

d. Vein

c. Cuticle

Lime furnishes ____________, one of the most important of the macro food elements.

a. Potassium

b. Phosphorous

c. Sulfur

d. Calcium

d. Calcium

Auxin is responsible for apical dominance in plants. Auxin is produced in three places in the plant located in the:

a. Main stem, older leaves and flowers

b. Flower buds, leaf buds and fruit

c. Leaf petiole, shoot tips and main older roots

d. Shoot tips, young leaf blades and root tips

d. Shoot tips, young leaf blades and root tips

The ________ transports water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.

a. phloem

b. xylem

c. pith

d. cambium

b. xylem

A standard water analysis usually includes _____________, ____________ and ___________.

a. pH, EC, alkalinity

b. Fluoride, aluminum, zinc

c. Iron, sulfates, boron

d. Potassium, calcium, sulfates

a. pH, EC, alkalinity

Correcting high pH can be achieved by:

a. Using a high-ammonium fertilizer combined with low alkalinity

b. Using a low-ammonium fertilizer combined with high alkalinity

c. Applying potassium bicarbonate

d. Drenching soil with flowable lime

a. Using a high-ammonium fertilizer combined with low alkalinity

_______________ is a technique of positioning plant materials very close together to cover floral foam in organized lines or areas

a. Binding

b. Pillowing

c. Pavé

d. Terracing

c. Pavé

Line-mass arrangements which are based on straight lines include vertical, diagonal, L-shaped, and________________.

a. Crescent

b. Inverted-T

c. S-curve

d. Hogarth curve

b. Inverted-T

The area of emphasis on an arrangement is called the:

a. Recessed focal point

b. Radiation focal point

c. Weak focal point

d. Focal point accent

d. Focal point accent

The ______________ tube is used to provide a stem for tube-shaped flowers.

a. Stephanotis

b. Hairpin

c. Skeleton

d. Corsage

a. Stephanotis

The process of pinching a plant removes the _______________ factory and eliminates the______________ concentration of the ________________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.

a. Auxin, high, inhibitory

b. Tunic, low,a. Auxin, high, inhibitory hibitory

c. Auxin, low, hibitory

d. High, low, inhibitory

a. Auxin, high, inhibitory

The fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that governs the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature are known as the:

a. Elements of Design

b. Transitions of Design

c. Principles of Design

d. None of the above

c. Principles of Design

The planned area within a floral design, which is devoid of flowers, foliage or other objects, but is still integral to the design is known as:

a. The focal area

b. Positive Space

c. Negative Space

d. All of the above

c. Negative Space

Two hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel are _____________ colors.

a. Diadic

b. Monochromatic

c. Polychromatic

d. Complementary

d. Complementary

The country that is the leading exporter of cut flowers to the United States floral industry is:

a. Holland

b. Ecuador

c. Mexico

d. Columbia

d. Columbia