Changing UK Economy
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51 Terms
What is a post-industrial economy?
An economy where most jobs are in services rather than manufacturing.
What is deindustrialisation?
The decline of traditional manufacturing industries.
Give one cause of deindustrialisation.
Cheaper labour abroad (e.g. China).
Give another cause of deindustrialisation.
Machines replacing workers.
What is globalisation?
The spread of ideas, goods and people worldwide.
How does globalisation affect the UK?
Increases trade and competition.
What is privatisation?
Selling state-owned industries to private companies.
What was the aim of privatisation?
Increase efficiency and competition.
What sector is largest in the UK?
Tertiary (services).
What percentage of UK GDP is services?
Over 80%.
What is the quaternary sector?
Knowledge and research-based jobs.
How many people work in UK research?
About 250,000.
What is a science park?
A group of high-tech businesses linked to universities.
What is a business park?
A purpose-built area for businesses with good transport links.
Give one environmental impact of industry.
Air and water pollution.
Give another environmental impact.
Landfill and waste.
How are environmental impacts reduced?
Laws and cleaner technology.
Name a quarry example.
Torr Quarry, Somerset.
What happens after quarrying?
Land is restored (e.g. lakes).
What is the north-south divide?
Economic difference between north and south UK.
Which is richer?
The south.
Why is the north poorer?
Loss of industry (deindustrialisation).
Give one solution to the divide.
Enterprise zones.
What is levelling up?
Government investment to reduce inequality.
What is containerisation?
Transporting goods in large containers.
Why is it important?
Faster and cheaper trade.
Name one major UK port.
Felixstowe.
What percentage of UK containers go through Felixstowe?
About 48%.
Why are airports important?
They connect the UK globally.
Name a UK airport example.
Heathrow.
How much does aviation add to GDP?
About £22 billion.
How many jobs does aviation support?
About 1 million.
What is rural population growth?
More people moving to rural areas.
Give one example.
South Cambridgeshire.
Give one effect.
Pressure on housing and services.
What is rural population decline?
People leaving rural areas.
Give one example.
Outer Hebrides.
Give one effect.
School closures.
What is gentrification?
Richer people moving into poorer areas.
Give one negative.
Local people may be priced out.
What is the UK's global role?
A major economic and political power.
Name one organisation the UK is in.
G7.
What is the Commonwealth?
A group of countries linked to the UK.
What links does the UK have globally?
Trade, culture, transport, communication.
What changed after Brexit?
The UK left the EU.
Give one impact.
Less free movement of people.
What are electronic communications links?
Internet and global data connections.
Why are they important?
They connect the UK globally.
What is trade?
Buying and selling goods between countries.
Why is UK trade important?
It links the UK to global markets.
What is culture as a global link?
UK media, music and language spreading worldwide.