Micro Exam 4 Matching 2: Terms and Definitions

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritters Disease)

a severe, acute bacterial skin infection caused by toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritters Disease) SYMPTOMS

skin becomes red and wrinkled and forms blisters, outer epidermis peels off in sheets (sloughing)

Necrotizing Fasciitis

a rare, life-threatening bacterial infection that destroys skin, fat, and the fascia (tissue covering muscle) rapidly

Necrotizing Fasciitis SYMPTOMS

redness, intense pain, and swelling at infection site; develop fever, nausea, malaise, and possible mental confusion

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

a common, opportunistic gram-negative bacterium found in soil and water that frequently causes infections in hospitalized or immunocompromised individuals

Pseudomonas aeruginosa SYMPTOMS

blood infection causes fever, chills, and shock; blue-green color from the bacterial pigment, pyocyanin,occurs in massive infections

Gas Gangrene

a rare, gram-negative, life-threatening infection caused by bacteria that destroys muscle and soft tissue, produces toxins and gas within tissue

Gas Gangrene SYMPtOMS

death (necrosis) of muscle and connective tissue due to a loss of blood supply (ischemia), blackening of infected muscle and skin, presence of gas bubbles

Chicken Pox

a highly contagious infection, resulting in a very itchy, fluid-filled blister rash that scabs over

Chicken Pox SYMPTOMS

characterized by lesions on the back and trunk that spread across body; mild disease; virus becomes latent within sensory nerves

Shingles

a painful viral infection causing a blistering rash, typically in a stripe on one side of the body or face

Shingles SYMPTOMS

lesions are localized to skin along an infected nerve; pain may last after lesions have healed

Mycoses

diseases in humans caused by infection with fungi, including molds and yeasts, that invade tissues; can be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic

Mycoses SYMPTOMS

intense itching, redness, rash, and scaly skin to thick, discolored, or brittle nails; ring-shaped, expanding rashes on the skin, white patches in the mouth, or skin cracking

Leishmaniasis

a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, transmitted through the bites of infected female sand flies

Leishmaniasis SYMPTOMS

Cutaneous - produces large, painless, skin lesions
Mucocutaneous - skin lesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes
Visceral - parasite is spread by macrophages throughout body

Bacterial meningitis

a severe, rapidly progressing infection causing inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Bacterial meningitis SYMPTOMS

sudden high fever, severe meningeal inflammation, and increased white blood cells in the CSF, nflammation causes most signs and symptoms, infection of the brain causes encephalitis, can result in behavioral changes, coma, and death

Tetanus

a serious, often fatal, noncommunicable disease, known as “lockjaw”

Tetanus SYMPTOMS

tightening of the jaw (lockjaw), tetanospasmin may result in spasms and contractions that
spread to other muscles, irregular heartbeat and blood pressure and profuse sweating may occur

Rabies

a 100% fatal, preventable viral disease that attacks the central nervous system of mammals, including humans, typically transmitted via saliva through bites or scratches from infected animals

Rabies SYMPTOMS

characteristic neurological signs if virus reaches CNS, hydrophobia, seizures, hallucination, paralysis

Trachoma

a chronic, contagious bacterial eye infection

Trachoma SYMPTOMS

scarring of the conjunctiva and cornea

Septicemia

a severe, gram negative, life-threatening bloodstream infection, “blood poisoning”, presense of pathogen in blood

Septicemia SYMPTOMS

small hemorrhagic lesions called petechiae can develop; osteomyelitis occurs if bacteria invade the bone

Sever Sepsis (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)) SYMPTOMS

decreased blood pressure, dysfunction of at least one organ

Septic Shock (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)) SYMPTOMS

sepsis and uncontrollable, decreased blood pressure

Lymphangitis

inflammation of the lymph vessels

Toxemia

release of bacterial toxins into the blood

Toxemia SYMPTOMS

vary depending on the toxin; Exotoxins: released from living bacteria, Endotoxin: released from dying bacteria

Endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart’s chambers and valves

Endocarditis SYMPTOMS

fever, fatigue, malaise, difficulty breathing, tachycardia

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

impairs the function of the heart valves

Acute bacterial endocarditis

destruction of the heart valves

Pericarditis

inflammation of the sac around the heart

Lyme Disease

a bacterial infection, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged (deer) ticks

Lyme disease SYMPTOMS

three phases seen in untreated patients
- bull’s-eye rash at infection site
- neurological symptoms
- severe arthritis

Yellow Fever

an acute, mosquito-borne viral disease, often fatal, that occurs in tropical areas of Africa and South America

Dengue Fever

a mosquito-borne viral infection common in tropical and subtropical climates, causing high fever, severe headache, muscle/joint pains, and rash

Yellow Fever SYMPTOMS

1 stage - fever, headache, and muscle aches
2 stage - remission
3 stage - delirium, seizures, coma, and hemorrhaging

Dengue Fever SYMPTOMS

1 phase - fever, edema, and head and muscle pain
2 phase - return of fever and red rash

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

a severe, potentially fatal complication of dengue virus infection characterized by high fever, damage to blood vessels, bleeding, and low blood platelet counts

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever SYMPTOMS

internal bleeding, shock, and possibly death

African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever SYMPTOMS

fever and fatigue, minor petechiae progress to severe internal hemorrhaging
(blood will not clot)

African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

severe, often fatal infections caused by viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) found in Africa, damaging blood vessels and causing internal bleeding, high fever, and organ failure

Toxoplasmosis

a common infection, often contracted from undercooked meat, contaminated water, or cat feces

Toxoplasmosis SYMPTOMS

majority of cases are asymptomatic; symptomatic in individuals with poor immunity; ever; malaise; and inflammation of the lungs, liver, and heart; fetal infections can cause numerous conditions, including spontaneous abortion or stillbirth

Upper respiratory diseases

Streptococcal, Otitis media, rhinosinusitis, sinusitis, Common cold

Lower respiratory diseases

Bacterial pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome, Mycoses in North America

Pharyngitis SYMPTOMS

sore throat and difficulty swallowing

Laryngitis and bronchitis SYMPTOMS

a sore throat, dry cough, hoarseness, and low-grade fever, voice box

Pharyngitis

the inflammation of the pharynx (the back of the throat), commonly known as a sore throat, causing pain, discomfort, and difficulty swallowing

Laryngitis

the inflammation and swelling of the larynx (voice box), causing a hoarse, raspy voice or temporary voice loss due to irritated vocal cords

Bronchitis

the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to the lungs, resulting in a persistent cough, mucus production, and chest discomfort

Pneumocystis pneumonia

a serious, potentially fatal lung infection caused by inhalation of droplet containing fungus

Pneumocystis pneumonia SYMPTOMS

difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia, and fever

Coccidioidomycosis SYMPTOMS

resembles pneumonia or tuberculosis; can become systemic in immunocompromised persons

Coccidioidomycosis

respiratory infection caused by the Coccidioides fungus, found in the soil of arid regions like the Southwestern U.S. and parts of Mexico/South America

Coronavirus Respiratory Syndromes

family of viruses that primarily attack the respiratory system, ranging from common colds to severe, fatal pneumonia. Key examples include COVID-19, SARS, and MERS

Coronavirus Respiratory Syndromes SYMPTOMS

High fever, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing; Later, patients develop dry cough and pneumonia

Tuberculosis

a serious, often fatal, infectious disease, which primarily attack the lungs but can affect any part of the body.

Tuberculosis SYMPTOMS

initially limited to minor cough and mild fever; symptoms are not alwaysapparent

Bacterial Pneumonia

a serious lung infection caused by bacteria, which causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the air sacs (alveoli)

Bacterial Pneumonia SYMPTOMS

a rapid-onset high fever, shaking chills, a persistent cough producing thick green, yellow, or bloody mucus, sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing, and significant shortness of breath

Common Cold

a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, and sometimes a low-grade fever, headache, or mild body aches

Common Cold SYMPTOMS

Sneezing, runny nose, congestion, sore throat, malaise, and cough

Otitis Media

infection of the middle ear, common in childern

Rhinosinusitis and Sinusitis SYMPYOMS

Malaise accompanied by headache and inflamed nasal passages

Otitis Media SYMPTOMS

results in severe pain in the ears, more common in children

Rhinosinusitis and Sinusitis

inflammation of the nasal passages

Peptic Ulcers

open sores or raw areas that develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper small intestine

Peptic Ulcers SYMPTOMS

intense abdominal pain

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach or intestines caused by a diversity of bacterial species

Bacterial Gastroenteritis SYMPTOMS

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps; dysentery produces loose, frequent stool containing mucus and blood

Salmonellosis

common bacterial infection, which typically affects the intestines (gastroenteritis) and is transmitted through contaminated food, water, or animal contact

Salmonellosis SYMPTOMS

diarrhea (sometimes bloody), fever, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and headache

Typhoid Fever SYMPTOMS

prolonged, high fever, headache, weakness, stomach pain, and constipation or diarrhea

Typhoid Fever

a life-threatening, systemic infection, commonly spread through contaminated food or water

C. diff

a bacterium that causes severe diarrhea, inflammation of the colon (colitis), and in some cases, life-threatening damage to the intestines

C. diff SYMPTOMS

watery diarrhea (3+ times a day for over a day), severe abdominal cramping, pain, fever, nausea, and loss of appetite

Viral Hepatitis

he inflammation of the liver

Viral Hepatitis SYMPTOMS

Jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, and weight loss

Cryptosporidiosis

a contagious diarrheal disease, which infects the intestines

Cryptosporidiosis SYMPTOMS

severe watery diarrhea with potentially serious complications

Anisakiasis

a parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by consuming raw or undercooked seafood

Anisakiasis SYMPTOMS

Typically, asymptomatic; Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever may occur; Some individuals develop an allergic rash

Urethritis

an inflammation of the urethra

Cystitis

an inflammation of the urinary bladder

Ureteritis

infection of the ureters

Pyelonephritis

an inflammation of one or both kidneys

Bacterial UTI

an infection in any part of the urinary system—kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra—caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria, entering through the urethra

Bacterial UTI SYMPTOMS

frequent, urgent, painful urination; urine may be cloudy with foul odor

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS

a rare, life-threatening, and rapid-onset illness caused by toxins

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS SYMPTOMS

Sudden-onset fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, confusion, and severe red rash

Vaginal Candidiasis

a common fungal infection of the vagina and vulva caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast

Vaginal Candidiasis SYMPTOMS

Severe vaginal itching and burning

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

extensive bacterial infection of the female pelvic organs

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease SYMPTOMS

chronic abdominal pain