apwh period 1

song dynasty

china’s golden age, intro of champa rice, gunpowder, paper

confucianism

understood reality as hierachial

civil service exam

used to determine if ppl could work in the bureaucracy

money

intro of paper money in song china

what came from India to china

buddhism

what religion most dominant

hinduism

caste system

indian, rigid hierarchial system where people couldn’t move onto a different group in the next life without good karma

aztecs

warrior society, used a tribute system, conqere mezoamerica, in Mexico, human sacrifice, used chinampas( artificial farming islands)

Inca

in Andes mountains, used mit’a system ( a mandatory service labor tax rather than giving money), terrace farming

Europe during this time

byzantine empire fell, feudalism dominnant social and political system based on landownership and personal loyalty,

roman Catholic church

power struggle between church and state, crusades(campigns by christians to reclaim Jerusalem from muslims)

Marco polo

explored china from Europe, opened up new cultures, worked for mongols,described chinese's wealth and technology, explored through the silk road, mapmaking

how did states consolidate power

using gov systems by reducing local independence, tribute and tax,(were punished if not, kept people tied to the state) religion(made rulers look like they had divine connection)

mongols

nomadic people, built their empire through military and terror tactics, would travel on horse with bow and arrow, created a period called Pax Mongolica=peirod of peace and stability bc as they conquered a lot of land they unified the silk road routes, protecting merchants, safrer trade routes=more trade, religiously tolerant

silk road

used caravans, usually traded luxury goods because of cost, buddhism spread through Asia bc SE Asian merchants, black death spread

Indian Ocean

common and luxury goods, ships can carry more and cheaper than a camel, used monsoon winds(predictable, yearly storms), magnetic compass, astrolabe, Chinese junks, Islam and Christianity spread

Trans-Sahran route

Islam spread, rise of Mali(social hierarchy), saddles

neo confucianism

rational though w doasim and Buddhist beliefs

technologies

lanteen sail, stern and rudder, compass

kublai khan

mongol ruler, founded yuan dynasty after conquered china

Ibn Battuta

Muslim traveler who wanted to travel across Darl al Islam, did a pilgrimage to mecca, inspire desire for travel, shows how Islamic culture was widespread,

caravanserai

rest areas in the silk road, spread disease