Test 2 - Final

What does Berkley suggest about perception?

To be perceived is to be.

What is Condillac's view on humans?

Humans are machines.

What did Gall believe about bumps on the head?

The bumps on your head explain why you got the answer right.

How did Hegel influence Marx?

Marx used Hegel's ideas in his concept of dialectic materialism.

What does Hering's theory explain?

Oppositions of the receptor cells (red-green) explain color perception.

What law did James Mill use to teach his son?

The law of association.

What is Locke's view on human knowledge?

We were once all blank slates.

What did Kant say that relates to David Hume?

David Hume awoke me from my slumbers.

What did Nietzsche prefer over convictions?

Opinions are better than convictions.

What is Rousseau's view on human freedom?

People were born free, but everywhere they are in chains.

What was true of the British empiricists?

They attempted to explain the functioning of the mind according to Newton’s principles.

According to Locke, from where do all ideas originate?

Sensation and reflection.

How did Hobbes feel about democracy?

He thought it was dangerous.

According to Berkley, why does external reality exist?

Because God perceives it.

What did John Stuart Mill say about secondary laws?

They create variations in observable phenomena that cause predictions to be probabilistic rather than certain.

What philosophical position describes an active mind transforming sensory info?

Positivism.

According to Reid, why can we trust our perceptions about the physical world?

It makes common sense to do so.

What is Kant’s categorical imperative?

The principle that should govern moral behavior.

What happens in Hegel’s dialectic process at the end of a cycle?

The last stage of that cycle becomes the thesis of the next cycle.

According to Herbart, when can an idea enter consciousness?

If it is compatible with the apperceptive mass.

Which characteristic is most important to romantic philosophers?

Irrational feelings.

What did Rousseau believe provides optimal learning conditions?

A child’s natural interests.

Whose idea influenced Jung on embracing opposing forces?

Goethe.

What stages did Kierkegaard suggest for developing human freedom?

Aesthetic, ethical, religious.

For Nietzsche, who are people approaching their full potential?

Supermen.

What is Muller’s proposition regarding sensory nerves?

The doctrine of specific nerve energies.

Who slightly changed the color vision theory of Young?

Helmholtz.

Why was Ladd-Franklin's PhD degree delayed until 1926?

Because she was a woman.

What part of the brain is associated with speech comprehension?

Wernicke’s area.

What term did Fechner use for the lowest detectable stimulus intensity?

Absolute threshold.