Year 9 Bio

2. Body Systems

What is the primary function of the Circulatory System?

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

What is the role of the heart in the Circulatory System?

Pumps blood around the body.

What is the function of arteries?

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

What type of blood do veins carry back to the heart?

Deoxygenated blood.

Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur?

Capillaries.

What is the function of red blood cells?

Carry oxygen using hemoglobin.

What is the role of white blood cells?

Fight infections.

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

Help in clotting.

What does plasma carry in the blood?

Nutrients, hormones, and waste.

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

Supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

What is the role of the nose and mouth in respiration?

Air entry.

What is the function of the trachea?

Windpipe leading to lungs.

What is the role of bronchi and bronchioles?

Airways that lead to alveoli.

What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs for gas exchange.

What happens during inhalation?

Diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, air enters.

What occurs during exhalation?

Diaphragm relaxes, lungs deflate, air is expelled.

What is the primary function of the Digestive System?

Breaks down food into nutrients the body can absorb.

What starts the digestion process in the mouth?

Chewing and saliva.

What is the role of the esophagus?

Transports food to stomach.

What function do the stomach's acids and enzymes serve?

Break down food.

What happens in the small intestine?

Nutrients are absorbed into blood.

What occurs in the large intestine?

Water is absorbed and waste forms.

What does the liver produce for fat digestion?

Bile.

What is produced by the pancreas?

Digestive enzymes.

What is the primary function of the Nervous System?

Sends and receives signals throughout the body.

What part of the nervous system controls body functions?

Brain.

What does the spinal cord do?

Sends signals between brain and body.

What is the function of nerves?

Carry electrical signals.

What are voluntary actions?

Actions you control.

What are reflexes?

Fast, automatic responses.

What is an example of a voluntary action?

Moving your hand.

What is an example of a reflex?

Pulling your hand from a hot surface.

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries.

What is the liquid part of blood called?

Plasma.

What role do veins play in the circulatory system?

Return blood back to the heart.

What is the primary gas exchanged in the alveoli?

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.

In what part of the digestive system does nutrient absorption mainly occur?

Small intestine.

What begins the process of digestion?

Chewing in the mouth.

How does the diaphragm contribute to breathing?

Contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.

Why is the pancreas important in digestion?

It produces digestive enzymes.

What part of the circulatory system carries oxygen to body tissues?

Red blood cells.

What provides the first line of defense against infections in the blood?

White blood cells.

What is the structure that contains alveoli?

Lungs.

Where is bile produced?

Liver.

What type of blood do arteries typically carry?

Oxygenated blood.

What type of blood do pulmonary veins carry?

Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

What role does the nervous system play in reflex actions?

It allows fast automatic responses without conscious thought.