HSC 4551 Final (Exam 4)

Which breast lump is typically located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast?

Fibroadenomas

Benign masses in the breast

Fibrocystic

None of the above

fibrocystic

At what age does Fibrocystic Breast Tissue affect most women?

20 - 50

65 - 95

20 - 30

55 - 75

20 - 50

Characteristics of invasive breast cancer may include:

 

Poorly defined borders

 

The color of the tumor

 

Dimpling of the breast

 

A and C

A and C

Removal of the breast and breast tissue is known as a

 

Mastectomy

 

Lumpectomy

 

Skin-sparing mastectomy

 

Sentinel node biopsy

mastectomy

A young woman is diagnosed with breast cancer and was consulting with her physician to discuss the type of treatments that she can have. Her biopsy results revealed that she has estrogen and progesterone receptor positive breast caner, what type of therapy would target these receptors?

 

Targeted drug treatments

 

Radiation therapy

 

Hormone Therapy

 

Chemotherapy

hormone therapy

Some breast cancer can be caused by gene mutations. What gene mutation increases the risk of breast cancer to 55-65% for a woman?

 

BRCA3

 

BRCA2

 

BRCA1

 

A and B

BRCA1

Which of the following is false regarding mammography?

 

The age to begin mammography may depend on the individual woman and her medical history

 

They are the primary screening tool for breast cancer

 

Mammography may detect a breast lump prior to it being palpable

 

They are difficult to perform

they are difficult to perform

26-year-old found a lump in her breast and went to the doctor and got an FNA. The patient got the biopsy result and found it to be noncancerous. What type of lump is the young woman diagnosed with?

 

Fibrocystic

 

Fibroadenomas

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

all of the above

The goal of aromatase inhibitors is to:

 

Block the enzyme aromatase from functioning

 

Reduce the amount of estrogen available to stimulate cancer cells

 

Prevent progesterone from being produced

 

A and B

 

All of the above

A and B

Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that most commonly occurs when ___

 

Sleeping on stomach

 

None of the above

 

Playing sports

 

Breast feeding

breastfeeding

Which treatment(s) attack specific abnormalities within cancer cells

 

Targeted drug treatments

 

Chemotherapy

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

targeted drug treatments

About what percentage of U.S women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of their lifetime?

 

20%

 

4%

 

12%

 

50 %

12%

In dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), it results from a lack of ____ and only the presence of ____

 

Estrogen, progesterone

 

Estrogen, aldosterone

 

Aldosterone, progesterone

 

Progesterone, estrogen

progesterone, estrogen

If the tumor epithelium resembles the cells lining the fallopian tube it is called

 

Serous

 

Visceral

 

Alveolar

 

Mucinous

serous

Which of the following options can be used as a treatment for cervical dysplasia?

 

Cryocautery

 

Cone biopsy

 

Laser vaporization

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

none of the above

If fertilization and implantation do not occur, progesterone levels _______ and menstruation occurs.

 

Fall

 

Stay the same

 

Unstable

 

Rise

fall

A 35-year-old woman visited her gynecologist to explain her experience with pelvic pain, lower back pain, and pain in urination. What would be the most likely diagnosis the woman has?

 

Yeast Infection

 

Vaginitis

 

Endometriosis

 

Cervical Dysplasia

endometriosis

Which of the following about cervical cancer is true?

 

It can be treated with removal of the cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, and pelvic tissue

 

Cervical cancer was once one of the most common cancer deaths in American Women

 

Choices A and B are correct

 

Most commonly found in women younger than 20 years old

 

All of the above

choices A and B are correct

_______________ is caused by pelvic abnormalities such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, or infection.

 

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

 

Dysmenorrhea

 

Tertiary Dysmenorrhea

 

Primary Dysmenorrhea

secondary dysmenorrhea

_________ are also called myomas or leiomyomas and are benign growths of the uterus.

 

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

 

Uterine fibroids

 

Cervical dysplasia

 

Cervical Carcinoma

uterine fibroids

Symptoms of hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, difficulties with sleep, and vaginal dryness are mostly likely symptoms of ____________.

 

Menopause

 

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

 

Endometriosis

 

None of the above

menopause

Dysmenorrhea is pain with _____

 

Headaches

 

Child birth

 

Menstruation

 

Constipation

menstruation

Itching is not a symptom of vaginitis?

 

True

 

False

false

Preeclampsia presents with:

 

High blood pressure

 

Proteinuria

 

Both A and B

 

Neither

Both A and B

A 30-year-old pregnant woman began her first trimester of pregnancy with common nausea. As time passes she started to realize that she was developing severe nausea and vomiting. The most likely diagnosis is?

 

Choriocarcinoma

 

Hydatidiform Mole

 

Hyperemesis Gravidarium

 

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

hyperemesis gravidarium

Which hormone(s) is/are responsible for the maturation of the endometrium in preparation for a fertilized egg?

 

Estrogen

 

Progesterone

 

Testosterone

 

A and B

progesterone

High estrogen levels trigger the

 

LH surge

 

FSH surge

 

HCG surge

 

HPL surge

LH surge

Miscarriages occur during the first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following could be a reason for miscarriages?

 

Genetics

 

Chromosomal abnormalities

 

Hormonal Abnormalities

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true about placenta previa?

 

Low placenta implantation

 

Can cause severe bleeding in the third trimester

 

May require early delivery by casarean section (C-section)

 

All of the above

 

A and B are correct

all of the above

Polyhydramnios refers to ____ amount of amniotic fluid

 

Increased

 

Decreased

 

Absence

 

Equal

increased

CRL data is used to predict:

 

Ovulation

 

Due date

 

Time since last pregnancy

 

Menstruation

due date

The fertilized egg implants in the endometrium ___ to ___ days after ovulation

 

12, 15

 

7, 10

 

1, 5

 

21,28

7, 10

What prepares the endometrium to receive a fertilized egg?

 

Testosterone

 

Aldosterone

 

Progesterone

 

Estrogen

progesterone

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can result in:

 

Irregular menstrual periods

 

Excessive facial hair growth

 

A and B

 

None of the above

A and B

Which of the following is associated with HELLP syndrome?

 

Elevated liver enzymes

 

Hemolysis

 

Elevated platelets

 

A and B

 

All of the above

A and B

What stimulates the group of follicles to produce estrogen?

 

FSH

 

LH

 

HPL

 

HCG

FSH

Pregnancy tests measures the presences or absences of ___________?

 

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

 

Progesterone

 

Estrogen

 

Human placental lactogen (HPL)

HCG

What causes the smooth muscle fibers surrounding the penile arteries to relax?

 

Citric acid

 

Nitric oxide

 

Nitric Acid

 

Citric Oxide

nitric oxide

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the inner ring of the glandular tissue that surrounds the

 

Urethra

 

Vas deferens

 

Testis

 

Bladder

urethra

What increase the dilation of the penile arteries and expansion of the corpora cavernosa sinuses?

 

cMPG

 

cCNA

 

cAMP

 

cGMP

cGMP

What is the surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

 

Cystoscopy

 

Transurethral resection of the bladder

 

Transurethral resection of the prostate

 

None of the above

transurethral resection of the prostate

The American cancer society reports that testicular cancer is _____ common

 

Not

 

Very

 

Sometimes

 

Never

not

Which of the following is true regarding testicular cancer?

 

American Cancer Society reports it is one of the most common cancer

 

The average age at the time of diagnosis is 50 years old

 

Both A and B

 

None of the above

none of the above

Which of the following are symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

 

Nocturia

 

Diminished urinary stream

 

Dysuria

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

all of the above

Prostate cancer treatment options include

 

Active surveillance

 

Radiation

 

Surgery to remove the prostate

 

B and C

 

All of the above

all of the above

A vasectomy is when the ____ is cut and tied.

 

Scrotum

 

Vas deferens

 

Epididymis

 

Seminal vesicles

vas deferens

Treatment for erectile dysfunction aims to:

 

Expand the corpora cavernosa sinuses

 

Prolong the action of cGMP

 

Increase dilation of the penile arteries

 

All of the above

all of the above

Why does thickening of the cervical mucus aid in preventing pregnancy?

 

It impairs movement of the unfertilized egg

 

Sperm stay in the vagina longer and are exposed to the acidic environment within the vagina

 

Sperm have difficulty traveling through the cervical mucus to accomplish fertilization

 

B and C

None of the above

Sperm stay in the vagina longer and are exposed to the acidic environment within the vagina

Benefits of oral contraceptives may include:

 

Reduction of menstrual cramping

 

Regulation of the menstrual cycle

 

Reduced menstrual flow

 

All of the above

all of the above

The _____ is inserted for 3 weeks and then removed for 1 week.

 

Birth control patch

 

IUD

 

Vaginal ring

 

Birth control implant

vaginal ring

What response does the copper IUD produce?

 

Inflammatory

 

Coagulation

 

Allergic

 

All of the above

inflammatory

It is recommended that the birth control patch is used once a week for ________ weeks straight.

 

Two

 

Five

 

Three

 

Four

three

How do birth control pills affect contraceptive?

 

Suppress ovulation

 

Thicken cervical mucus

 

Thins the endometrium

 

All of the above

 

None of the above

all of the above

Pregnancy statistics of a birth control patch vs a pill are

 

Lower

 

Pregnancy will not occur

 

The same

 

Higher

the same

Progestin is a form of:

 

LH

 

Progesterone

 

Estrogen

 

FSH

progesterone

Which of the following is the most common type of cancerous breast tumor?

 

Lobular carcinoma

 

Inflammatory breast disease

 

Paget's disease of the breast

 

Ductal carcinoma

ductal carcinoma

Immediately preceding menopause, 2/3 of women report challenges with _______?

 

Concentration

 

Fatigue

 

Breast tenderness

 

Sleep disruptions

concentration

Who might not be able to get an NPIT?

 

Someone who had a blood transfusion last month

 

Someone carrying twins

 

Someone with a family history of chromosomal conditions

 

Someone with a family history of cancer

someone who had a blood transfusion last month

What PSA level is considered elevated for people between 50 to 69 years of age?

 

0.03

 

0.3

 

1.3

 

3.0

3.0

During which period of pregnancy is the Quad Screen usually administered?

 

Conception

 

First trimester

 

Second trimester

 

Third trimester

second trimester