Changing economic world

What does development mean?

Growth of a country in terms of economic growth, use of technology and human welfare.

As a country develops it means that standards of living and quality of life improve.

What are social factors affecting development?

• women not having equal rights and are unbale to work

• poor education system and low literacy rate

• diseases preventing people from working

What are economic factors affecting development?

• landlocked and can not benefit from trade by sea

• countries are in debt and spend money on paying interest off rather than investing into the country.

• global trade favours HIC’s so others don’t get as much money

What is the environmental factors affecting development?

• unpredictable climate and threat to drought

• poor soils for farming which leads to poor harvests

What is the political factors that affect development?

Political instability e.g. civil war, riots ext.

What is quality of life?

how good an individuals life is measured by factors like healthcare, access to free water, safety, security, freedom, right to vote, women’s rights and happiness.

What is GNI?

Gross national income:

the total value of goods and services produced in a country including money earned from different countries

economic indicator.

What is GNI per capita?

The goss national income divided by the countries population.

economic indicator

What is HDI?

Human development index:

gives a score between 0-1 based on three indicators

What are the benefits of GNI per capita.

• measures quality of life rather than income

• easier to collect economic data in wealthy countries

What are the limitations of GNI per capita?

• average figures for each country so doesn’t show poverty if there are lots of rich people

• One USD might be worth more in different countries

• wealth might be owned by very few individuals

• no mention of human rights or freedom

What are the benefits of HDI?

• health and education can see how economic development is helping people in a country.

• indicates differences of wealth in a country

• social measures are better indicators for quality of life

• better indications of inequalities within a country

What are the limitations of HDI?

• no measure of access to food resources, which are vital for a good quality of life

• some people may agree that different indicators are more important than others

• doesn’t show differences between communities

What dies the demographic transition model look like?

What are the physical, economic and historical causes of uneven development?

Physical:

• landlocked

• unpredictable climate - risk of natural hazards

• disease

• country is vulnerable to natural hazards - e.g. earthquakes

• poor soils for harming - bad harvests

Economic:

• countries in debt spend money paying interest off rather than investing into the country

• poor water supplies and lack of money to invest into installing pipes and taps.

• lack of investment into the education system and low literacy rates

• lots of LIC’s are dependent on primary produce which is less profitable

• tariff’s make trade unaffordable for LIC’s

Historical:

• political instability

Define disparity.

The difference between two things

What are some types of migration?

Internal migration - people moving within the same country

Rural to urban migration - people moving to urban areas

refugee - leaving a country due to fears of safety

asylum seeker - someone wanting to PERMENANTLY move to a safter country.

What are the ways to reduce the development gap?

• Industrial development

• intermediate technology

• fair trade

• debt relief

• aid

• tourism

What is industrial development and how does it reduce the development gap?

What is fair trade and how does it reduce the development gap?

What are microfinance loans and how does it reduce the development gap?

What is debt relief and how does it reduce the development gap?

What is industrial development and how does it reduce the development gap?

What is industrial development and how does it reduce the development gap?

What is intermediate technology and how does it reduce the development gap?