Unit 3 AoS 1 Russian Revolution - Short Flashcards VCE History Revolutions

How many political exiles and criminals were there in Siberia + in what year?

As many as 1 million, 1914

When did construction for the Trans-Siberian Railway begin? When was it complete?

1891, 1917

What were the percentages from the 1897 census?

82% peasants

4% working class

1.5% middle class

12% upper class

0.5% ruling class

When did the Romanovs rule Russia?

1613-1917

How large was Russia compared to USA

2.5 times larger

European Russia population quadrupled between what years?

1815-1914

In 1881 it was a criminal offence to…

Oppose the Tsar, form political parties/parliament

When was Tsar Alexander II bombed by terroris group ‘The People’s Will?’

1881

Cost of maintaining the army and navy accounted for what % of the Russian government’s annual expenditure? How about for education?

45% vs 4%

A Moscow suburb with how many people only has one church and one priest?

40,000

Throughout the 1800s, imperial forces were kept at around how many men?

1.5 million

When was Tsar Nicholas II alive?

1868-1918

When was Tsar Nicholas II coronated?

14 May 1896

How old was Tsar Alexander III when he died?

49

When was the Khodynka Disaster?

14 May 1896

How many people did the Khodynka Disaster kill?

1389 people

How many people were present during the Khodynka Disaster?

500,000

Tsar Nicholas II’s father (Tsar Alexander III) presided over a time known as what? What did it do?

The Reaction, strengthened autocracy

When was Sergei Witte alive?

1849-1915

Who was Sergei Witte?

Tsar Nicholas II’s financial minister

Industrial output increased by how much + between what years?

96.8%, 1898-1913

Russia's urban population increased by how much + between what years?

7 to 28 million, 1877-1917

What were some inequalities for workers? (Four points)

12 hour shifts

No legislated workplace protections

No trade unions until 1905

Denied legal right to insurance

When did Sergei Witte resign as Financial Minister?

April 1906

What was a reform that Sergei Witte formed? + When

Law restricting work day to 11.5 hours a day (1897)

What fraction of the factory workforce went on strike + between what years?

3/4, 1905-1906

When did Karl Marx + Friedrich Engels write ‘The Communist Manifesto?’

1848

When was the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party formed?

1898

When was Lenin alive?

1870-1924

How old was Lenin when he was put on the Tsarist government’s dangerous persons list?

17

When was Lenin exiled to Siberia?

1897-1900

When did the RSDLP split into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?

1903

When was the Russo-Japanese War?

26 January 1904-23 August 1905

When was the Battle of Tsushima?

14-15 May 1905

How many Japanese ships sunk in the Battle of Tsushima?

3/89

How many Russian ships sunk in the Battle of Tsushima?

21/27

Out of 6 main battles, how many did the Japanese win?

All of them

When was the Treaty of Portsmouth signed?

23 August 1905

What did the Treaty of Portsmouth do for Russia?

No reparations but Japanese gained some land

When was the Bloody Sunday Massacre?

9 January 1905

When were 4 workers fired as they wanted better working conditions? Where were they from?

December 1904, Putilov Steelworks

When did the Assembly of Russian Workers reach 6000+ members? Who was it founded by?

End of 1904, Orthodox Minister Father Gapon

How many signed a petition to improve working conditions in the lead up to Bloody Sunday?

135,000

How many people were killed and wounded in Bloody Sunday?

200-500 deaths, 800-3000 wounded

How many workers went on strike in January 1905?

400,000

How much did Russia spent on war verses bad harvests? Between what years?

3 billion vs 403 million roubles (1903-1913)

When did peasants refuse to pay taxes, and destroy ___ manors?

From July 1905, 3000

When was Battleship Potemkin? What was it?

14 June 1905, a mutiny over rotten food

How many mutinies were there during the 1905 revolution?

Approximately 400

When was the first Soviet established + where?

1905, St Petersburg

When was the October Manifesto signed?

17 October 1905

How many protesters were there in the lead up to the October Manifesto? (Provide specific date)

1.5 million protesters on 14 October 1905

How many Soviets were created by the signing of the October Manifesto?

50 Soviets

What did the October Manifesto allow for?

Civil freedom, State Duma that would have an impact on laws

When were Socialist Revolutionaries established?

1902

When were Kadets established? What did they want?

October 1905, wanted constitutional monarchy

When were Octobrists established?

October 1905

When were the Fundamental Laws (created by Witte) published?

23 April 1906

What did Article 3 of the Fundamental Laws state?

“Russian language is the common language of the state”

What did Article 4 of the Fundamental Laws state?

“Emperor… possessess supreme sovereign power”

What did Article 102 of the Fundamental Laws state?

“Duma can be dissolved at any time by the Sovereign Empire”

When was the First Duma active?

27 April-8 July 1906

What were the largest political groups in the First Duma? + How many representatives of each?

184 Kadets + 124 Trudoviks

How many statements criticising government were made by the First Duma + in how many days?

391 statements in 73 days

When was the 2nd Duma active?

20 February - 3 June 1907

What were the largest political group in the Second Duma? + How many representatives of it?

104 Trudoviks

How many Bolsheviks and Mensheviks lost parliamentary privileges in the Second Duma?

55

When was the Third Duma active?

1 November 1907 - 3 June 1912

How many land owners did it take to vote in a deputy after the 2nd Duma?

230

How many industrial workers did it take to vote in a deputy after the 2nd Duma?

125,000

What were the largest political group in the Third Duma? + How many representatives of it?

154 Octobrists

What percentage of the population elected how many deputies?

1% of the population elected 300/441 deputies

When was the Fourth Duma active?

15 November 1912 - August 1914 (suspended)

When was the Fourth Duma dissolved?

February 1917

How many political strikes occurred from 1911 to 1914?

24 to 2400 strikes

When was Stolypin alive?

1862-1911

When was Stolypin Prime Minister?

21 July 1906 - 18 September 1911

What were some of Stolypin’s reform?

• Introduction of pensions

• Proportional tax

• Selling government/royal land to peasants, forming new class later known as Kulaks (wealthy peasants)

• Maximum working day became 12 hours

• Night + underground labour banned for children + women

How much did the number of state funded primary schools increase by + between what years?

Doubled, 1906-1912

How many executions occurred between 1906-1909?

Between 3000 to 5500

How many people went on strike in 1914?

Over 1.3 million

When was the Lena Goldfields Massacre?

4 April 1912

It was reported that what percentage of Lena Goldfields workers suffered some form of traumatic injury?

70%

How long was the work days at the Lena Goldfields?

16 hours

How many Lena Goldfields workers went on strike + when?

6000, 1 March 1912

When did the Lena Goldfields workers post their demands + what were their demands?

4 March 1912, wanted 8 hour working day, 30% wage increase)

What happened during the Lena Goldfields Massacre? How many people were there/killed/wounded?

Troops arrested stirke leaders, 2500 marching where 270 were killed, 250 wounded

How many workers went on strike following the Lena Goldfields Massacre? + When?

750,000 (May 1912).

When did Austria declare war on Russia’s ally Serbia?

28 July 1914

When was St Petersburg’s name changed to Petrograd?

1914

At the beginning of WW1, what fraction of the Austrian army defeated by Russians?

1/3

When was the Battle of Tannenberg?

13-17 August 1914

How many Russians were fighting against how many Germans in the Battle of Tannenburg? How many died?

416,000 Russians vs 166,000 Germans. 130,000 Russians vs 5000 Germans dead

How many Russian soldiers were captured in the Battle of Tannenberg?

Almost 100,000

Germany controlled territory of how many Russians during WW1?

23 million

How many bullets were given to Russian soldiers a day during WW1?

3

What fraction of Russian soldiers had no rifle during WW1?

1/3

How many Russians were killed, wounded or captured by mid-1915?

4 million

How many Russian men (mostly conscripted peasants) served in WW1?

15 million

New Russian conscripts were given how long to train?

6 weeks