DISEASES AND TREATMENTS

ABC STAMP LICOMARKER

What process is used for a standard Mental Status Examination?

Level 1

Which level of insight indicates a complete denial of illness?

Level 5

What level of insight is defined as true emotional insight about one's condition?

Hypothyroidism

What general medical condition presents with psychomotor retardation, cold intolerance, and elevated TSH?

Parathyroid adenoma

What disorder presents with anxiety symptoms that resolve after surgical excision and restoration of calcium levels?

Huntington's disease

In what neurodegenerative pathology might depression precede the onset of choreiform movements?

Pancreatic CA

What malignancy presents with depression symptoms before the detection of the cancer itself?

Auditory hallucinations

What is the most common perceptual disturbance in primary schizophrenia and psychotic depression?

Visual or tactile hallucinations

The presence of which symptoms should increase suspicion of an organic or medical cause of psychosis?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

What nutritional pathology is caused by Vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency?

Pellagra

What disorder presents with psychotic symptoms due to Vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency?

Dysthymic disorder

What disorder presents with a prolonged depressed mood for more than two years?

Olanzapine, risperidone, and sulpiride

What atypical antipsychotic medications are preferred due to having fewer extrapyramidal side effects?

Strokes, Parkinson's, Huntington's, HIV, and Multiple Sclerosis

What five medical conditions are particularly common etiologies for depressive episodes?

Pseudodementia

What disorder presents with cognitive symptoms like brain fog and difficulty concentrating that mimic true dementia?

Unipolar depression

Which is more common: unipolar depression or bipolar disorder?

SSRIs, SNRIs, and NDRIs

What are the three main classes of medications used for Major Depressive Disorder?

Hypoxemia, electrolyte disturbances, and postictal states

What are three physiologic or metabolic causes of secondary mood disorders?

Caffeine intoxication

What disorder presents with diuresis, GI disturbances, and rambling thought after consuming more than 250 mg of a stimulant?

Pheochromocytoma

What specific endocrinopathy presents with anxiety symptoms due to adrenal dysfunction?

Parkinsonism

What disorder presents with sleep symptoms including frequent awakening and circadian rhythm disturbance?

Sundowning

What condition presents with confusion, pacing, and agitation in dementia patients during the late afternoon?

Kleine-Levin Syndrome

What disorder presents specifically with hypersomnia or oversleeping?

Zolpidem or Stilnox

What medication is the most commonly prescribed sedative-hypnotic for insomnia?

Sildenafil and tadalafil

What pharmacological medications are used for male erectile dysfunction?

Echolalia

What disorder presents with the involuntary repetition of words or phrases of another person?

Echopraxia

What disorder presents with the involuntary imitation of movements of another person?

Alzheimer's Type

What is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 50 to 60 percent of cases?

Vascular Dementia

What disorder presents with an incrementally worsening course of cognitive decline due to vessel thrombosis or hemorrhage?

Dual diagnosis

What disorder presents when a psychiatric condition is caused by both a general medical condition and substance use?

Major Depressive Episode

What pathology presents with at least 5 symptoms for a minimum of 2 weeks according to core criteria?

Bipolar I Disorder

What disorder presents with a florid manic episode alternating with a major depressive episode?

Bipolar II Disorder

What disorder presents with a florid depressive episode and only hypomanic episodes?

Cyclothymia

What disorder presents as a milder form of Bipolar I where episodes are less noticeable but still cause suffering?

Dysthymia

What pathology is defined as a persistent low mood for at least two years?

Somatic Symptom Disorder

What disorder presents with distressing physical symptoms resulting in disruption of daily life for more than 6 months?

PAINS

What mnemonic diagnostic is done for the criteria of Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Illness Anxiety Disorder

What disorder presents with a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness despite minimal symptoms?

DRIPS

What mnemonic diagnostic is done for the criteria of Illness Anxiety Disorder?

Conversion Disorder

What pathology presents with altered voluntary motor or sensory functions incompatible with medical findings?

MISSES GULPS

What mnemonic diagnostic is done for the features of Conversion Disorder?

La belle indifference

What symptom involves a paradoxical lack of concern shown by some patients with Conversion Disorder toward their deficits?

Anorexia Nervosa

What eating disorder presents with persistent intake restriction and an intense fear of gaining weight?

I FEAR LARD

What mnemonic diagnostic is used for the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa?

Bulimia Nervosa

What eating disorder presents with recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting?

A BINGE

What mnemonic diagnostic is used for the symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa?

Post-binge anguish

What pathology presents as a dysphoric state of guilt and disgust following a binge eating episode?

Gender Dysphoria

What disorder presents as an individual's affective or cognitive discontent with their assigned gender?

Adjustment Disorder

What disorder presents as a time-limited maladaptive response to a stressor occurring within 3 months of onset?

SAD BITS

What mnemonic diagnostic is used for the criteria of Adjustment Disorder?

Code White

What hospital diagnostic is done for alerting staff to a potentially violent or aggressive patient?

5-point restraint

What treatment covers the trunk, two wrists, and two legs of a patient?

4-point restraint

Which physical treatment is more commonly used in the Philippines for violent patients?

Prone

In what body position is physical restraint prohibited due to the risk of asphyxia?

Olanzapine ODT

What medication treatment melts in the mouth to calm agitated patients within seconds?

Paracetamol

What medication is the most common agent used for pharmaceutical overdosing in the Philippines?

Liquid Sosa or lye

What non-pharmaceutical agent presents with extreme tracheal and esophageal burns in overdose?

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

What hypermetabolic pathology presents with lead pipe rigidity and high fever following dopamine antagonist use?

Serotonin Syndrome

What disorder presents with hyperreflexia, clonus, and mydriasis due to combining serotonergic agents with MAOIs?

Dantrolene

What medication treatment is used as the antidote for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

Cyproheptadine

What medication treatment is the serotonin antagonist used for Serotonin Syndrome?

Amok

What local Tagalog idiom presents as a state of unreasonable rage?

Latah or Mali-mali

What folk illness presents as a startle reaction with offensive or sexual speech?

Koro

What context-bound disorder presents as the belief that the genitals will retract into the body?

Susto or Lanti

What folk illness presents as a fright response to nature like thunder or wind?

Usug

What mystical pathology presents as illness caused by contact with someone of strong life force?

GGT

What diagnostic is done for the most sensitive monitoring of alcohol abstinence?

CDT

What diagnostic is done to detect heavy drinking for at least a week, as it is elevated in 80 percent of cases?

Delirium Tremens

What pathology presents with gross tremor and hallucinations peaking at 5 days after stopping alcohol?

Flumazenil

What medication treatment is the competitive antagonist used for benzodiazepine overdose?

Conjunctival hyperemia

What physical symptom presents in the eyes during the cannabis toxidrome?

Crash period

What phase follows stimulant binge use, presenting with depression and intense craving?

Pinpoint pupils

What eye symptom is the hallmark of opioid intoxication?

Varenicline

What medication treatment is used as a nicotine receptor agonist for tobacco cessation?

CSTC loop

What neurocircuitry is the pathology responsible for executive function and impulse control?

Mesolimbic pathway

Which dopamine pathology is associated with reward and positive psychotic symptoms?

Mesocortical pathway

Which dopamine pathway is responsible for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits?

HPA axis

What axis presents with dysregulation during the stress response and cortisol release?

5-HT1A

Which receptor diagnostic acts as an autoreceptor to regulate firing rates?

5-HT2A

Which receptor pathology is excitatory and central to hallucinations?

D3

Which receptor has the highest affinity for dopamine and is a target for newer antipsychotics?

D4

Which rare receptor is the specific medication target of Clozapine?

Object permanence

What developmental event is the critical achievement of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Magical thinking

What preoperational symptom involves believing that two events occurring together cause one another?

Inductive reasoning

What formal operation diagnostic involves moving from the particular to the general?

Deductive reasoning

What formal operation diagnostic involves moving from the general to the particular?

Secure attachment

What attachment style presents with a child being confident in a caregiver's availability?

Anxious-avoidant attachment

What attachment style presents with an infant readily separating from a caregiver but avoiding contact upon reunion?

Anxious-resistant attachment

What attachment style presents with an infant separating reluctantly and showing ambivalence after reunion?

Disorganized-disoriented

What attachment style presents with contradictory features or a dazed appearance in an infant?

Law of Effect

What evolutionary principle states that behavior strength depends on environmental outcomes?

Classical conditioning

What learning event involves the association of a neutral stimulus with a psychologically significant event?

Operant conditioning

What learning event involves the association of a voluntary behavior with a consequence?

Mens rea

What legal term refers to the guilty mind or intent required for a crime?

Actus reus

What legal term refers to the criminal act itself?

Wild Beast Test

Which 1723 insanity standard required total deprivation of understanding?

M Naghten Test

Which 1843 insanity standard asks if the defendant knew the nature of their act or that it was wrong?

Irresistible Impulse Test

Which 1840 standard focuses on the inability to resist the impulse to commit a crime?

Durham Rule

Which 1870 rule states a crime is not accountable if it was the offspring of a mental illness?

ALI Test

Which 1955 standard uses a two-prong approach of cognitive and volitional capacity for insanity?